百合的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effect of Lilii Bulbus

摘要:

百合是一种药食同源的中药，在我国资源丰富，分布广泛，具有较高的开发利用价值。目前研究发现，百合含有甾体皂苷、多糖、酚酸甘油酯、生物碱、黄酮、氨基酸、磷脂及其他烷烃等成分，主要为多糖及甾体皂苷。药理研究表明，其具有抗肿瘤、抗抑郁、抗氧化、降血糖、抗疲劳与耐缺氧、免疫调节，抗炎，抑制Na⁺/K⁺ATP酶等作用。百合可抑制多种癌细胞增殖，并促进其凋亡，主要活性成分为多糖、甾体皂苷及生物碱。其中甾体皂苷还是百合抗抑郁的活性成分。笔者通过检索中国知网，万方，ScienceDirect，PubMed，Web of Science等数据库，对近30年有关百合的化学成分及药理作用的文献，进行整理，分析和总结，系统地综述了百合化学成分及药理作用的研究进展，旨在为百合的深入研究和开发利用提供理论参考。

Abstract:

As a kind of medicine and food homology plant with great utilization value, Lilii Bulbus is rich in resources and widely distributed in China. Phytochemical researches have shown that Lilii Bulbus contains, phenols-glycerides, alkaloids, flavones, amino acids, phospholipids, alkanes and other compositions, and mainly of steroidal saponins and polysaccharides. Pharmacological researches have shown that Lilii Bulbus exhibits excellent antitumor, antidepression, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antifatigue, antihypoxia, immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory, and Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase inhibitory effect. Polysaccharides, steroidal saponins and alkaloids in Lilii Bulbus can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of multiple cancer cells. Also, the steroidal saponin is the active ingredient for antidepression effect. The present paper reviewed the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities research in the past 30 years of Lilii Bulbus through accessing multiple databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of science, aiming to provide reference for further research and utilization of Lilii Bulbus.