Objective: The chromatographic fingerprint of Polygonum Cuspidate was established and the content of polydatin, resveratrol and emodin was measured, which created a new method for evaluating and controlling the quality of Polygonum Cuspidate. Method :Using the Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Version2004A) recommended by State Food & Drug Administration, 10 different original samples were analyzed and the chromatographic fingerprint of Polygonum cuspidate was constructed with 13 common fingerprint peaks, among which three main fingerprint peaks of polydatin, resveratrol and emodin were identified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Result :With the simple sample treating technique, the established fingerprint of Polygonum Cuspidate was stable and repeatable, which could be used to distinguish the superior polygonum cuspidate from the inferior polygonum cuspidate from different places and provide an important tool for further quality control of Polygonum Cuspidate.