炮制与用法对莱菔子-苦杏仁药对中总成分及芥子碱溶出的影响

Effects of Processing and Usage on Dissolution of Total Components and Sinapine from Drug Pairs of Raphani Semen and Armeniacae Semen Amarum

摘要:

目的: 探讨炮制、粉碎、分煎与合煎对莱菔子、苦杏仁及其药对中水、醇溶性总成分,芥子碱,脂肪油溶出的影响. 方法: 采用HPLC测定芥子碱溶出量,流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液(15:85),检测波长326 nm;重量法测定水、醇溶性浸出物及脂肪油溶出量.利用GC-MS技术鉴定苦杏仁脂肪酸组成及含量,DB-5石英毛细管色谱柱(0.25 mm×30 m),进样口温度230℃,气化室温度270℃,分流比50:1,程序升温(100~180℃,10℃ ·min^-1;180~200℃,4℃ ·min^-1;200~220℃,1℃ ·min^-1;220~270℃,5℃ ·min^-1),MS条件为EI离子源,70 eV,扫描范围m/z 30~500. 结果: 炮制有利于样品总成分及芥子碱的溶出,其中水溶性成分溶出最高增加9.61%,醇溶性成分141.03%,芥子碱20.00%;粉碎后样品中水、醇溶性成分与芥子碱的溶出量分别增加了0.36~1.85,38.41~62.06,1.40~2.60倍;分煎与合煎对样品中水、醇溶性成分溶出无明显影响,芥子碱溶出量合煎后降低45.16%~68.75%. 结论: 种子类中药如不粉碎不宜采用醇提取或入酒剂,粉碎能显著增加所测成分的溶出量,莱菔子和苦杏仁合煎不利于莱菔子中芥子碱的溶出.依法炮制与合理使用相结合才能确保中药疗效.

Abstract:

Objective: To explore effects of processing and usage on dissolution of water,alcohol soluble total components,sinapine and fatty oil from drug pairs of Raphani Semen and Armeniacae Semen Amarum. Method: The content of sinapine was determined by HPLC,mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution(15: 85) and detection wavelength was set at 326 nm;contents of total components in water,alcohol-soluble extract and fatty oil were determined by weight method.Composition and content of fatty acids in Armeniacae Semen Amarum was analyzed by GC-MS with DB-5 quartz capillary column(0.25 mm×30 m),temperature of injection port and gasification room were 230℃ and 270℃,respectively;split ratio was 50: 1,programmed temperature(100-180℃,10℃ · min^-1;180-200℃,4℃ · min^-1;200-220℃,1℃ · min^-1;220-270℃,5℃ · min^-1),MS conditions for EI ion source,70 eV and scanning range of m/z 30-500. Result: Total composition was easy to dissolving out by processing,dissolution of water,alcohol soluble ingredients and sinapine were 9.61%,141.03% and 20.00%,while increase were 0.36-1.85,38.41-62.06,1.40-2.60 times after being crushed,respectively;dissolution between single-decoction and mixed-decoction had no significant differences,dissolution of sinapine reduced 45.16%-68.75% after mixed-decoction. Conclusion: If seeds Chinese medicine not shattered,it do not suitable for extracting by alcohol or wine,crushing can significantly increase solubility of these measured components,mixed-decoction of Raphani Semen and Armeniacae Semen Amarum againsts dissolution of sinapine.Processing in accordance and reasonable application must be combined to ensure curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine.