Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Paeonia mairei in Taibai mountains and to supply material basis for its pharmacological research and therapeutic mechanism. Method: The compounds from P. mairei were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and recrystallization method, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of their physicochemical properties and spectra analysis. Result: Eight compounds were obtained and identified as β-sitosterol(1), oleanic acid(2), hederagenin(3), daucosterol(4), chrysophanol(5), benzoic acid(6), gallic acid(7), ethyl gallate(8). Conclusion: Compound 5 were obtained from the genus for the first time. The rest of the compounds was isolated from the plant of P. mairei for the first time.