五彩阿魏挥发油提取工艺优选

Optimization of Extraction Process of Volatile Oil from Ferula assafoetida

摘要:

目的: 优选五彩阿魏挥发油的水蒸气提取工艺并对其挥发油化学成分进行分析。方法: 以挥发油提取率为指标,采用U₇(7²)均匀试验优选五彩阿魏挥发油水蒸气蒸馏工艺。运用GC考察提取时间对挥发油化学稳定性的影响,色谱条件为载气高纯氮气,载气流量1 mL·min^-1,进样量0.5 μL,分流比50:1,总流量54.0 mL·min^-1,进样口温度250 ℃,检测器温度250 ℃。升温程序为起始温度60 ℃,保持2 min;以4 ℃·min^-1的速率程序升温至80 ℃,保持5 min;以10 ℃·min^-1的速率程序升温至180 ℃,保持5 min;以4 ℃·min^-1的速率程序升温至200 ℃,保持2 min。结合GC和色谱图相似度评价确定五彩阿魏挥发油提取工艺。结果: 五彩阿魏挥发油中大部分化学成分对热较稳定。最佳提取工艺为加6.5倍量水提取4 h;挥发油提取率8.32%。结论: 优选的提取工艺稳定、合理、可行,可保证五彩阿魏挥发油中各化学成分的稳定性。

Abstract:

Objective: To optimize extraction process of volatile oil from Ferula assafoetida by steam distillation and analyze chemical compositions in volatile oil. Method: With extraction rate of volatile oil as index,conditions for extraction of volatile oil from F. assafoetida were optimized by uniform design.Effect of extraction time on chemical compositions in volatile oil were investigated by GC,conditions were as following:high purity nitrogen as carrier gas,flow rate of carrier gas 1 mL·min^-1,injection volume of 0.5 μL,split ratio of 50: 1,total flow of 54.0 mL·min^-1,inlet temperature of 250 ℃,detector temperature of 250 ℃.Temperature-rising program was as following:the initial temperature of 60 ℃,kept for 2 min,then temperature rise to 80 ℃ with heating rate of 4 ℃·min^-1,kept for 5 min,temperature rise to 180 ℃ with heating rate of 10 ℃·min^-1,kept for 5 min,temperature rise to 200 ℃ with heating rate was 4 ℃·min^-1,kept 2 min.Extraction process of volatile oil from F. assafoetida was determined by GC and chromatogram similarity. Result: Some compounds in volatile oil were unstable thermally.Optimum extraction process of volatile oil from F. assafoetida was as following:added 6.5 times amount of water and extracted 4 hours.Average extraction rate of volatile oil was 8.32%. Conclusion: This optimized extraction process of volatile oil is reproducible,reasonable and practicable,it can guarantee stability of compositions in volatile oil from F. assafoetida.