薏苡茎、叶提取物的急性毒性

Acute Toxicity Test of Extracts from Stalks and Leaves of Coix

摘要:

目的: 探讨薏苡茎、叶的水提物和乙醇提物对小鼠的急性毒性反应,测定半数致死量LD₅₀及最大耐受量(MTD)。方法: 实验前禁食不禁水16 h,SPF级KM小鼠74只,雌雄各半,分提取物组和空白对照组;灌胃,定时密切观察,记录毒性反应和死亡情况。若有小鼠死亡,则将死亡小鼠解剖,肉眼观察心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、胃、小肠等脏器变化,14 d观察期结束后,将每组存活的小鼠处死进行解剖,按照上述同样方法对主要脏器大体病理变化进行肉眼观察。结果: 小鼠未出现明显的中毒症状,亦未出现死亡。结论: 小鼠对薏苡的叶水提物(叶水提),叶乙醇提物(叶醇提),茎水提物(茎水提),茎乙醇提物(茎醇提)的最大耐受量分别是42.08,34.80,39.52,32.64 g·kg^-1,均>5 g·kg^-1,由此可见叶水提、叶醇提、茎水提、茎醇提在季度试验提示该药是较安全的。

Abstract:

Objective: The aim of this article was to explore the acute toxicity of water extracts and alcohol extracts from stalks and leaves of Coix on mice so as to determine the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Method: Seventy-four KM mice (half male and half female) of grade SPF were divided into extract group and control group. After fasted for 16 hours before experiment, all the mice were fed by gavage. The toxic reaction and death were oberved. If the mice died, it will be dissected to observe the changes of heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, stomach, small intestine and other organs by eyes.After the observation for 14 days, the survivals in each group were killed, and then dissected. Then we examined their main pathological changes in organs by eyes as mentioned above. Result: No obvious symptoms of poisoning were discovered on these mice, neither death. Conclusion: The maximum tolera dose of SPF KM mice to the water extracts and the alcohol extracts from leaves of Coix, and to the water extract and alcohol extracts from stalks of Coix, were 42.08,34.80,39.52, 32.64 g·kg^-1, respectively, with all greater than 5 g·kg^-1. According to the quarter experiment, the water and alcohol extracts from leaves and stalks of Coix are nontoxic.