植物源烟水及生长调节剂对5种常用中药材种子萌发的影响

Effect of Smoke Water and Other Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Germination of Five Commonly Used Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants

摘要:

目的：优质的种苗是保证药材产量和质量的基础，寻求绿色、安全、有效的措施缩短萌发时间、提高萌发率和发芽整齐度具有重要的意义。本文以5常用种中药材种子为研究材料，比较烟水与常用生长调节剂对种子萌发的影响。方法：烟水母液由悬铃木干燥植物材料闷燃产烟入水制得；利用TTC测定种子活力；测定种子含水量；检测种子吸水率；分别用水（空白组），烟水（0.2%母液）和植物生长调节剂，如赤霉素（150 mg·L^-1），氯化镧（0.6 mg·L^-1），硝酸钙（30 mg·L^-1）和水杨酸（0.028 mg·L^-1）处理种子，比较植物源烟水和4种生长调节剂对5种常用中药材（菘蓝、桔梗、知母、黄芩、黄芪）种子发芽率、平均萌发时间和发芽指数的影响。结果：烟水对菘蓝、桔梗、黄芩种子的发芽率均有显著的提升效果，其中使黄芩种子发芽率提高27.27%；对5种种子的平均萌发时间没有显著影响；显著提高桔梗和黄芩的发芽指数，分别提高30.97%和27.49%；具有类似赤霉素的促进种子萌发的作用。结论：烟水的无毒性和易于取得性使其更易于应用于农业实践，综合来看，烟水技术在促进中药材种子萌发方面存在着巨大的潜力。

Abstract:

Objective: High quality seedling is the foundation to ensure the quality and yield of medicinal herbs. It is meaningful to find agreen, safe and effective measures to shorten the time of germination, improve the germination rate and germination uniformity. In this paper, the seeds of 5 species of Chinese medicinal herbs are used as research materials. Compared with common growth regulators on Seed Germination. Method: Smoke water(SW) was made from Plane tree; TTC was used to measure the seed vigor; measure the moisture content of the seeds. The water uptake rate of the seeds was detected. Seeds were treated by water (control group),SW (0.2% solution) and plant growth regulators,such as gibberellin (150 mg·L^-1), lanthanum chloride (0.6 mg·L^-1), calcium nitrate (30 mg·L^-1) and salicylic acid (0.028 mg·L^-1). Comparison the effects of smoke water and four plant growth regulators on seed germination rate/mean germination time/germination index of five highly traded Chinese medicine plants(Isatis indigotica,Platycodonis Radix,Anemarrhenae Rhizoma,Scutellariae Radix,Astragali Radix). Result: SW showed a significant improve effect to the germination rate of I. indigotica,Platycodonis Radix,Scutellariae Radix, it significantly promote the germination rate of I. indigotica for 27.27%.It showed no apparent influence on the mean germination time of the seeds.Significantly promote the germination index of Platycodonis Radix and Scutellariae Radix for 32.71% and 27.73%. It promote seed germination similar with gibberellin(GA₃). Conclusion: SW is non-toxic and wild available, these characteristics make it more suitable for agricultural practice. SW has great potential in promoting seed germination of Chinese medicinal plants.