常用蛇类药材鉴别研究进展

Research Progress of Identification Methods for Common Medicinal Snakes

摘要:

蛇是人类宝贵的野生动物资源，也是我国重要的蛇类药材来源。它具有祛风、通络、定惊止痉等功效，在风湿痹证方面具有良好的治疗效果。近年来，在经济利益驱使下，加上我国蛇种类繁多，现有蛇类多达241种，且各自形态特征差异不明显，使得准确鉴定药材困难，容易导致市场用药品种混乱。文章就近10年来用于常用蛇类药材（主要以《中国药典》收载品种乌梢蛇、金钱白花蛇、蕲蛇为例）及其混伪品的鉴别方法进行了整理研究，综述了各类鉴别方法在蛇类药材中的研究进展，包括传统的性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别及近年来发展的微性状鉴别、色谱质谱技术和一些现代的分子鉴别方法如DNA条形码技术，并阐述了各种鉴别方法的适用对象及其优缺点，以期为蛇类药材或者动物类药材的鉴别研究提供思路和参考。发现目前药用蛇在现场快检、中成药的鉴别和优劣鉴别方面仍然面临着一些困难，提示对药用蛇品质进行客观评价时，还需将传统与现代鉴别方法相结合、真伪与优劣鉴别技术相联系。

Abstract:

Snakes are not only precious wildlife resources, but also an important source of medicinal snakes, and it has a good effect in the treatment of rheumatic arthralgia syndrome. In recent years, driven by economic interests, coupled with more species and inconspicuous morphological differences, there are a large number of adulterants. Paper focuses on the identification methods of medicinal snakes and its adulterants over the last decade, and a comprehensive overview of various identification methods researches progress in this herb were displayed, including the character identification, microscopic identification, physical and chemical identification and molecular identification, and the applicable objects, advantages and disadvantages of each method of identification are described and discussed.It is found that medicinal snakes in the field of fast check, identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine Patent Prescription are still faced with some difficulties, and it showed that traditional and modern methods should be combined,authenticity of identificationand pros and cons of identification should be combined when objective assessment of medicinal snakes.