千金子化学成分研究进展

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents of Euphorbiae Semen

摘要:

综述千金子化学成分的研究进展，为充分利用千金子药物活性提供参考。查找在中国知网，维普，PubMed等数据库1960年至2015年的相关文献，按照化学成分、药理作用、毒性、开发利用4个方面对千金子的研究现状归纳总结。化学成分方面，千金子主要含有二萜类、甾醇类、香豆素类、黄酮类、挥发油、脂肪油及其他类成分。药理活性方面，千金子提取物具有抗肿瘤、抗肺纤维化的作用、其生品具有促进肠蠕动的作用。毒性方面，千金子毒性作用强烈，毒性成分可能为千金子甾醇等一些脂溶性成分，千金子去油制霜后毒性明显降低。开发利用方面，国内使用千金子的复方制剂治疗白血病、肝炎、肝硬化等疾病，其化学成分大戟因子L5（euphobia factor L5）对S180腹水癌有显著抗癌作用。国外将千金子提取物中的ingenol-20-palmitate，sucrose 2'， 3，4，6，6'-pentaisovalerate及大戟因子L1（euphobia factor L1）在美白皮肤方面申报了专利。研究成果表明千金子中的化学成分丰富，药理作用显著，是极具开发前景的药材。但由于千金子具有毒性，且产生毒性机制还尚未明确，使其开发利用受到了限制。因此应加强千金子毒性成分、毒性作用部位和致毒机制的研究。

Abstract:

The research review on chemical compositions of Euphorbiae Semen was reviewed to provide a reference for its further research and development. Related literature in CNKI Database, VIP Database and Pubmed Database from 1960 to 2015 were searched, and the research conditions of Euphorbiae Semen were summarized according to its chemical compositions, pharmacological effects, toxicity, development and utilization. In terms of chemical compositions, Euphorbiae Semen mainly had diterpenoids, sterols, coumarins, flavonoids, volatile oil, fatty oil and other chemical components. It was reported that the main pharmacological activities of Euphorbiae Semen were anti-tumor, anti-pulmonary fibrosis and promoting intestinal peristalsis. The toxicity of Euphorbiae Semen was strong, and lathyrol and other fat-soluble components may be its toxic components, because its toxicity was significantly reduced by removing oil from Euphorbiae Semen. In the aspect of development and utilization of Euphorbiae Semen, its compound preparations were used to treat leukemia, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and other diseases in China, and its chemical composition named euphorbia factor L5 had a significant anti-cancer effect. In foreign countries, the ingenol-20-palmitate, sucrose 2',3,4,6,6'-pentaisovalerate and euphobia factor L1, which were extracted from Euphorbiae Semen, have been applied for patent of skin whitening. The research results showed that Euphorbiae Semen was a promising medicine, with abundant chemical components and significant pharmacological effects. However, because of its toxicity and unclear mechanism of toxicity, the development and utilization of Euphorbiae Semen has been limited seriously. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the study on its toxic components, action site of toxic components and toxic mechanism.