中医医案的分析方法

Analysis Method of Chinese Medical Records

摘要:

中医医案承载了名老中医的学术思想和临证经验，医案的研究是促进中医药学科发展、切实提高临床疗效的重要的智库资源。随着信息科学技术的发展，面对中医医案中海量的数据，需要合理运用这些数据去挖掘出其中隐藏的知识、思想内涵及用药规律。最传统的中医病案数据分析方法为领悟式分析方法，因个人的水平以及研究目的不同，导致结论的主观性较强，比较费时，研究结论推广性相对较差。而一般的统计学方法就是建立医案数据库或进行简单的症状、药物频次分析，如何从海量的病案数据中快速发掘出医家的学术思想与临床经验，就需要引进新的技术和方法，并且需要融合数据库、人工智能、统计学、知识工程、信息检索、高性能计算机以及数据可视化等。本文从研究方法的角度出发，除个人领悟式分析方法，又介绍了频数分析法、多元（因素）分析法等研究方法，来研究数据挖掘技术在中医医案研究中的应用，为进一步整理和继承名老中医临证经验提供研究方法与思路。更深层次地挖掘隐藏在中医医案中的各种规律，进而更好地服务于科研和临床，体现中医医案的研究价值。

Abstract:

As medical records of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) carry academic thought and clinical experience of famous TCM doctors, their researches are important think-tank resources to promote the discipline development of TCM, and effectively improve the clinical efficacy. With the development of information science and technology, in the face of massive data in medical records of TCM, we shall dig out hidden knowledge, thought connotation and medication regularity by using the data. Through the study of medical records, we can constantly summarize previous experience and explore academic thought. The most traditional method for analyzing TCM records data is the comprehension-based analysis method. However, due to differences in individual level and research purpose, the conclusions were highly subjective and time-consuming, with a poor promotion. The general statistical method is to establish database, or make simple analysis of symptoms and drug frequency. To quickly find academic thoughts and clinical experience of physicians from massive medical records, we need to introduce new technologies and methods, and integrate them with databases, artificial intelligence, statistics, knowledge engineering, information retrieval, high-performance computer and data visualization. From the perspective of research method, this paper introduces the personal comprehensive-based analysis method, frequency analysis method, multivariate (factor) analysis and other research methods, so as to study the application of data mining in TCM researches, and provide research methods and ideas for further summarizing and inheriting clinical experience of famous TCM doctors. The laws hidden in medical records of TCM were dug out, and will applied in scientific and technological researches and clinical researches, in order to reflect the research value of medical records of TCM.