中医药干预MAPK/NF-κB信号通路调控肿瘤作用机制的研究进展

Traditional Chinese Medicine Treats Tumors via MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway： A Review

摘要:

恶性肿瘤是我国的重大疾病之一，严重危害国民身体健康。手术、放疗、化疗、靶向治疗和免疫治疗是恶性肿瘤的主要治疗手段。随着精准医学的发展，靶向抗肿瘤药物受到研究者的广泛关注并逐步应用于临床治疗。丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）/核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）信号通路在肿瘤的发生发展中具有重要作用，参与调控肿瘤免疫微环境，细胞侵袭和迁移，细胞增殖，细胞凋亡，细胞耐药等作用机制，因而靶向调控MAPK/NF-κB信号通路的关键效应分子也成为肿瘤治疗的潜在靶点之一。在我国中医药已成为肿瘤治疗方案中非常重要的有机组成部分，能够“多成分、多效应、多靶点、多通路”地发挥抗肿瘤作用，在肿瘤治疗中显示出良好的临床疗效。通过查阅近年来的国内外文献发现，中药单体、中药药对和中药复方能够通过干预MAPK/NF-κB信号通路，促进细胞凋亡，抑制细胞增殖，阻滞细胞周期，抑制肿瘤侵袭和转移，抑制肿瘤干细胞特性，提高免疫功能和逆转肿瘤多药耐药等，发挥抗肿瘤作用。然而尚未有学者对此进行系统梳理和阐述。因此，该文就近年来MAPK/NF-κB信号通路调控肿瘤的作用机制进行阐述并总结中医药干预MAPK/NF-κB信号通路治疗肿瘤的研究进展，以期为抗肿瘤中药的临床应用、药物研发和深层次机制研究提供参考及理论依据。

Abstract:

Malignant tumors， a group of serious diseases in China， endangers the health of the people. They are mainly treated by surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy. With the development of precision medicine， targeted anti-tumor drugs have garnered increasing attention from researchers and gradually applied in clinical treatment. The mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway plays a key role in the occurrence and development of tumors， participating in the regulation of tumor microenvironment and the invasion， migration， proliferation， apoptosis， and drug resistance of tumor cells. Therefore， the key effectors targeting the regulation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway have become potential targets for the treatment of tumors. In China， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has become a key approach of tumor treatment since it can exert anti-tumor effects in a multi-component， multi-effect， multi-target， and multi-pathway manner， demonstrating definite clinical efficacy in tumor treatment. The available studies published in recent years have shown that the active components， herb pairs， and compound prescriptions of TCM can play an anti-tumor role by interfering with the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway， promoting apoptosis， inhibiting cell proliferation， blocking the cell cycle， inhibiting tumor invasion and metastasis and tumor stem cell characteristics， improving the immune function， and reversing tumor multi-drug resistance. However， a systematic review of the relevant studies remains to be conducted. This paper introduces the mechanism of tumor management via the MAPK/NF-κB pathway and reviews the research progress in TCM treatment of tumors via this pathway in recent years， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of anti-tumor TCM， drug development， and in-depth mechanism research.