中药小分子靶向肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在消化道肿瘤的研究进展

Mechanism of Small Molecules of Traditional Chinese Medicine Targeting Tumor-associated Macrophages in Gastrointestinal Tumors： A Review

摘要:

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞作为人体主要的免疫细胞，是维持肿瘤微环境稳态的关键因素，由于其高度的可塑性，可在不同的条件下极化为不同的亚型：经典活化巨噬细胞M1和选择性活化巨噬细胞M2，其中M1型巨噬细胞具有吞噬功能，抑制肿瘤生长；M2型可抑制免疫微环境，促进肿瘤发生和免疫逃逸。近年来研究发现，中药小分子在消化道肿瘤领域研究广泛，其通过增强抗肿瘤巨噬细胞活性，巨噬细胞极化，产生抗肿瘤活性，靶向干预肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的策略在抑制消化道肿瘤的发展方面颇具潜力。该文概述中药小分子靶向肿瘤相关巨噬细胞抗消化道肿瘤的研究现状及其意义，以期为后续深入研究提供参考。

Abstract:

Tumor-associated macrophages （TAMs）， as the main immune cells in the human body， are key factors in maintaining the homeostasis of the tumor microenvironment. With high plasticity， they can polarize into the classically activated （M1） macrophages or alternatively activated （M2） macrophages under different conditions. M1 macrophages can inhibit tumor growth by phagocytosis， and M2 can inhibit the immune microenvironment to promote tumorigenesis and immune escape. Small molecules of traditional Chinese medicine have been widely studied in gastrointestinal tumors. These small molecules exert anti-tumor activity by enhancing TAM activity and promoting the polarization of macrophages. Targeted intervention in TAMs with these molecules has the potential to inhibit the development of gastrointestinal tumors. This article summarizes the research status and significance of small molecules of traditional Chinese medicine targeting TAMs against gastrointestinal tumors， aiming to provide reference for the future studies in this field.