基于“入药部位-生境-性味功效”的蕨类中药相关性分析

"Medicinal Part-Habitat-Nature， Taste， and Effect" Correlations of Pteridophyte-derived Chinese Medicinal Materials

摘要:

目的 对常见蕨类中药的植物学特征、生物学特征、生长环境与药性药效之间的相关规律进行挖掘，为辨状论质理论加强论证，为蕨类植物在中医药方面更广泛合理地运用提供参考。方法 对常用蕨类中药的入药部位、生长环境、性味归经以及其临床功效进行归纳总结。通过查阅2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》（简称《中国药典》）《中药大辞典》及相关文献资料，对常用蕨类植物中药及《中国药典》收录情况进行统计，使用Excel 2016、ChiPlot、Cytoscape 3.7.1、SPSS 21.0，微词云软件进行统计学分析。结果 对主要蕨类植物中药进行统计分析结果显示，在生境中，溪边湿地>树干石缝>向阳山坡>水面；在入药部位中，全草>根茎>叶>干燥地上部分>孢子；在性味中，凉>寒>平>温>热，苦>辛>甘>淡>咸；在归经中，肝>胃>肺>肾>膀胱>心>大肠>脾>小肠；在中药应用中，清热解毒>利尿通淋>凉血止血>活血散瘀>祛风除湿。结论 蕨类来源中药四气以凉性居多，五味以含苦味居多，归经以归肝经居多，以全草、根茎入药为主，多生长在溪边湿地旁，树荫林下及树干石缝中，清热解毒、祛风除湿、凉血止血、活血散瘀、舒经通络是其主要功效。蕨类来源中药的组织结构、生境、入药部位均与其性味功效之间存在一定的相关性，为重点蕨类来源中药的资源开发和利用提供参考。

Abstract:

Objective To explore the correlations between botanical characteristics， biological characteristics， growth environment， and medicinal properties of common pteridophyte-derived Chinese medicinal materials， thus providing evidence for the theory of quality evaluation through morphological identification and giving insights into the extensive and reasonable application of pteridophytes in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）.Method The medicine parts， habitats， natures， tastes， and effects of the commonly used pteridophyte-derived Chinese medicinal materials were summarized. The commonly used pteridophyte-derived Chinese medicinal materials were retrieved from the Pharmacopoeia of China， Dictionary of Chinese Materia Medica， and related literature. Excel 2016， ChiPlot， Cytoscape 3.7.1， SPSS 21.0， and weiciyun software were used for statistical analysis.Result The frequency of the habitats followed the trend of streamside wetland>tree trunk and rock crevices>sunslope>water surface. The frequency of medicinal parts presented the trend of whole plant>rhizome>leaf>dried aboveground part>spore. The frequency of natures was in the order of cool>cold>plain>warm>hot， and that of tastes was in an order of bitter>pungent>sweet>bland>salty. The frequency of meridian tropism followed the trend of liver meridian>stomach meridian>lung meridian>kidney meridian>bladder meridian>heart meridian>large intestine meridian>spleen meridian>small intestine meridian. The effects of the pteridophyte-derived Chinese medicinal materials followed a frequency trend of clearing heat and detoxifying>promoting urination and relieving stranguria>cooling blood and stopping bleeding>activating blood and resolving stasis>dispelling wind and eliminating dampness.Conclusion The pteridophyte-derived Chinese medicinal materials mainly have a cool nature， a bitter taste， and tropism to the liver meridian. Whole plants and roots are mainly used for medicinal purposes， and most of these plants grow in the wetlands near rivers， under trees， and in tree trunk and rock crevices. The main effects of these medicinal materials are clearing heat and detoxifying， dispelling wind and removing dampness， cooling blood and stopping bleeding， activating blood and resolving stasis， and soothing meridians and dredging collaterals. There are certain correlations between the structures， habitats， medicinal parts， and effects of pteridophyte-derived Chinese medicinal materials， which provide reference for the development and utilization of pteridophyte-derived Chinese medicinal material resources.