基于“药用部位-化学成分-药理活性-性味功效”的刺类药用植物相关性

Based on "Medicinal Part-Chemical Component-Pharmacological Activity-Nature， Taste， and Effect" Correlations of Thorny Medicinal Plants

摘要:

目的 对刺类药用植物的生物学特征、入药部位、化学成分等方面进行统计，并针对性味归经功效之间的相关规律进行系统性分析，为其临床应用和资源开发提供相关理论依据。方法 通过查阅2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》及各省市炮制规范等相关文献资料，对统计的46种刺类药用植物性味归经、入药部位、化学成分、药理活性、省份分布等进行分析整理，使用Excel 2013和SPSS Statistics 26.0软件进行统计学处理。结果 发现46种刺类药用植物分布于1界，1门，1纲，细分为25科；以刺的类型划分，叶刺>皮刺>枝刺>果实刺；以性味归经划分，温>平>寒>凉>热；苦>甘>辛>酸>咸；肝>肺>脾=大肠>心>肾；以入药部位划分，根及根茎>果实>全草>花>叶；主要分布于中国的华北地区及西南省份；刺类药用植物其化学成分以黄酮类、生物碱类、皂苷类为主，大多数具有清热解毒、散瘀消痈、行气止痛、消肿排脓的功效，其中24种具有抗肿瘤活性。结论 刺类药用植物以菊科、豆科、蔷薇科居多，在刺的类型中以叶刺类型居多，四气以温性居多，五味以苦味居多，归经以归肝经居多，入药部位以根茎入药居多，主要分布于华北地区，具有清热解毒、散瘀消痈的功效，综上刺类药用植物中刺的类型、分布、入药部位等方面与其性味功效之间均存在一定的相关性，可为刺类药用植物的合理开发和有效利用提供全面参考。

Abstract:

Objective To make statistics on the biological characteristics， medicinal parts， chemical components， and other aspects of thorny medicinal plants and systematically analyze the correlations between their natures， tastes， and meridian tropism， so as to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application and resource development of these plants.Method The Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2020 edition） and the processing standards of various provinces and cities and other related documents were reviewed， on the basis of which 46 species of thorny medicinal plants were selected. The natures， tastes， meridian tropism， medicinal parts， chemical components， pharmacological activities， and geographical distribution of these plants were summarized and analyzed in Excel 2013 and SPSS Statistics 26.0.Result The 46 species of thorny medicinal plants belonged to 25 families， 1 class， 1 phylum of 1 kingdom. In terms of the location of thorns， the frequency of these medicinal plants followed the trend of leaf thorns>peel thorns>branch thorns>fruit thorns. In terms of the nature， taste， and meridian tropism， the frequency of these plants was in the orders of warm>plain>cold>cool>hot， bitter>sweet>pungent>sour>salty， and liver>lung>spleen=large intestine>heart>kidney， respectively. In terms of the medicinal parts， the frequency followed the trend of roots and rhizomes>fruits>whole plants>flowers>leaves. The thorny medicinal plants were mainly distributed in north and southwest China. The thorny medicinal plants mainly contained flavonoids， alkaloids， and saponins and had the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying， resolving stasis and eliminating carbuncle， moving Qi and relieving pain， and alleviating edema and expelling pus. Moreover， 24 of them had anti-tumor activity.Conclusion Most of the thorny medicinal plants belong to Compositae， Leguminosae， and Rosaceae， have leaf thorns， a warm nature， a bitter taste， tropism to the liver meridian， and roots as the medicinal part. These plants are mainly distributed in north China， with the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying， resolving stasis and eliminating carbuncle. In summary， the thorn location， distribution， and medicinal parts of thorny medicinal plants are correlated with the natures， tastes， and meridian tropism. The findings provide clues for the development and utilization of these plants.