疏风解毒胶囊及有效成分在呼吸道感染中的免疫调节作用研究进展

Immunomodulatory Effect of Shufeng Jiedu Capsules and Active Components in Treating Respiratory Tract Infections： A Review

摘要:

疏风解毒胶囊是由虎杖、连翘等组成的中成药，在上呼吸道感染、咽炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期、新型冠状病毒感染等疾病的临床治疗中显示出积极效果。报道显示，该药物主要作用机制为调节免疫细胞比例和炎症因子水平，有效控制炎症反应，减轻症状，提高治愈率。然而，现有综述主要从疏风解毒胶囊的临床应用进展入手，尚未有综述对疏风解毒胶囊的免疫调节作用机制进行系统整理。该综述首先对呼吸道感染后的免疫反应进行概述，随后总结了疏风解毒胶囊的临床应用情况，介绍了疏风解毒胶囊中的主要化学成分。重点对疏风解毒胶囊免疫调节和抗炎的机制进行整理，包括其对巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、自然杀伤（NK）细胞、淋巴细胞等免疫细胞的影响，和对相关信号通路蛋白、促炎细胞因子释放、抗体产生的影响。其对固有免疫细胞的干预作用主要包括抑制核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）或干扰素调控因子3（IRF3），并降低微血管相关蛋白1轻链3Ⅱ（LC3Ⅱ）的表达，抑制巨噬细胞的炎症和自噬；降低中性粒细胞比例、升高自然杀伤（NK）细胞比例。对适应性免疫细胞的影响主要为升高外周血中的T细胞比例、恢复B细胞比例。以期为该药的进一步研究和临床应用提供一定方向。

Abstract:

Shufeng Jiedu capsules， a Chinese patent medicine composed of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix， Forsythiae Fructus， etc.， has shown positive effects in the clinical treatment of upper respiratory tract infections， pharyngitis， acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD）， and coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19）. The available evidence suggests that Shufeng Jiedu capsules can modulate the proportions of immune cells and the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines， thereby easing symptoms and enhancing cure rates. The existing reviews predominantly focus on the clinical applications of Shufeng Jiedu capsules， while the comprehensive review of the immunomodulatory effect of this medicine remains to be carried out. This review delineates the immune responses triggered by respiratory tract infections， and then summarizes the clinical application of Shufeng Jiedu capsules and its main chemical components. Principally， this review summarizes the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms， mainly focusing on various immune cells including macrophages， neutrophils， natural killer （NK） cells， and lymphocytes. In addition， this paper discusses the influences of Shufeng Jiedu capsules and its main chemical components on signaling pathways， secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines， and antibody production. In terms of innate immunity， the intervention effects of Shufeng Jiedu capsules are highlighted by its capacity to inhibit the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） and interferon regulatory factor 3 （IRF3） pathways. Additionally， Shufeng Jiedu capsules have been shown to reduce the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ （LC3Ⅱ）， thereby suppressing the inflammation and autophagy of macrophages. Furthermore， the influence of this medicine extends to altering the proportions of neutrophils and nature killer（NK） cells. Regarding adaptive immunity， Shufeng Jiedu capsules can increase the proportion of T cells in peripheral blood and restore the balance of B cells. This review aims to provide directions for the further research and clinical application of Shufeng Jiedu capsules.