青蒿素及其衍生物对神经系统疾病的保护作用研究进展

Effect of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives in Treatment of Nervous System Diseases： A Review

摘要:

随着社会经济快速发展，神经系统疾病患者增多，发病人群呈现年轻化趋势，对生命健康和社会经济造成严重影响。青蒿素是从中药青蒿（菊科植物黄花蒿）中提取分离得到的活性抗疟成分。青蒿素及其衍生物除抗疟作用外，具有抗寄生虫、抗真菌、抗病毒、降血糖、降血脂、抗肿瘤和抗炎等作用，展现出了广泛的药理活性。近5年来，对于青蒿素及其衍生物的新药理作用研究不断深入，青蒿素及其衍生物在神经系统疾病方面的疗效备受关注，具有抗神经炎症、抗氧化应激、维持血脑屏障稳定、调节神经递质释放、修复神经元损伤、促进神经元再生等药理作用，表明其具有潜在的神经系统保护作用。该文通过对2019－2024年间青蒿素及其衍生物的神经系统药理活性研究文献进行归纳，系统总结了青蒿素及其衍生物对脑卒中、神经退行性疾病、神经免疫病、神经痛及神经系统肿瘤等神经系统疾病的保护作用，以期为青蒿素类药物新适应证拓展、创新药物研发及临床治疗神经系统疾病提供线索和依据。

Abstract:

With the rapid development of social economy， the number of patients with nervous system diseases has increased， and the incidence of the population has a trend of younger， which has a serious impact on life health and social economy. Artemisinin is an active antimalarial component extracted and isolated from Artemisia annua， a Chinese medicinal material. Artemisinin and its derivatives， in addition to the antimalarial effect， also have anti-parasitic， anti-fungal， anti-viral， hypoglycemic， hypolipidemic， anti-tumor， and anti-inflammatory effects， showing a wide range of pharmacological activities. In the past five years， research on the new pharmacological effects of artemisinin and its derivatives has been deepening， and the efficacy of artemisinin and its derivatives in nervous system diseases has attracted much attention， including anti-neuroinflammation， anti-oxidative stress， maintaining the stability of the blood-brain barrier， regulating the release of neurotransmitters， repairing neuronal damage， and promoting neuronal regeneration. These pharmacological effects indicate that artemisinin and its derivatives are potentially capable of neuroprotection. By sorting out literature on the pharmacological activity of artemisinin and its derivatives in nervous system during 2019－2024， this paper systematically summarized the protective effects of artemisinin and its derivatives against nervous system diseases such as stroke， neurodegenerative diseases， neuroimmunological diseases， neuralgia， and nervous system tumors. This review is expected to provide clues and evidence for new indication expansion of artemisinin drugs， innovative drug development， and clinical treatment of nervous system diseases.