室外空气污染影响心血管疾病的机制研究进展

Mechanisms of Outdoor Air Pollution Affecting Cardiovascular Diseases： A Review

摘要:

空气污染对人体健康的影响一直是全球健康领域的研究热点。室外空气污染物由多种成分组成，通过多种途径进入人体，心血管相关疾病是室外空气污染物所致疾病之一。大量研究显示，暴露于空气污染环境中的人群高血压、心律失常、心力衰竭等在内的心血管疾病的发生率明显增加，细颗粒物、二氧化氮、臭氧、一氧化碳、二氧化硫等空气污染物均与心血管疾病的发生密切相关，短期和长期暴露对心血管疾病患病风险的影响也存在一定差异。该文总结2019年至2024年间相关文献报道，梳理了不同空气污染物致心血管疾病的流行病学证据，归纳了空气污染物通过氧化应激、炎症反应、血栓形成、细胞外囊泡释放、内质网应激、细胞凋亡、内皮功能障碍、自主神经系统失衡及其相互作用等多种途径加速心血管疾病的进程。针对空气污染对心血管疾病的不同机制，分析了目前对其药物干预方面主要进展，并重点总结了多种中药活性成分及中药复方在治疗空气污染相关心血管疾病方面的作用，为空气污染相关心血管疾病机制和药物干预研究提供参考。

Abstract:

The impact of air pollution on human health has always been a research hotspot in the global health field. Outdoor air pollutants composed of multiple components can enter the human body through various pathways. Cardiovascular diseases are a group of diseases caused by outdoor air pollutants. Studies have shown that the incidence of cardiovascular diseases， including hypertension， arrhythmia， and heart failure， is significantly increased among people exposed to air pollution environments. Air pollutants such as fine particulate matter， nitrogen dioxide， ozone， carbon monoxide， and sulfur dioxide are closely related to the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases， and short-term and long-term exposure causes different cardiovascular risks. By reviewing the relevant research reports from 2019 to 2024， this article summarizes the epidemiological evidence of cardiovascular diseases caused by different air pollutants. It generalizes the pathways through which air pollutants accelerate the progression of cardiovascular diseases. These pathways include oxidative stress， inflammatory response， thrombosis， extracellular vesicle release， endoplasmic reticulum stress， apoptosis， endothelial dysfunction， autonomic nervous system imbalance， and their interactions. Based on the different mechanisms of air pollution on cardiovascular diseases， the article analyzes the main progress in drug intervention and summarizes the roles of various active ingredients and compound prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine in treating air pollution-related cardiovascular diseases， providing reference for the research on the mechanisms and drug interventions of air pollution-related cardiovascular diseases.