Abstract:Abstract: OBJECTIVE To establish the chromatographic fingerprint of Glochidion eriocarpumChamp by HPLC. METHODS The fingerprint was investigated using HypersilC18 (250mm×4.6mm,5μm). The mobile phase consisted of Methanol and 0.2% Phosphoric acid, gradient elution 0~7min (10%B), 7~15min (10%B→22%B), 15~20min(22%B→30%B), 20~30min(30%B→40%B), 30~45min(40%B). The detection wavelength was 270 nm, column temperature was 30℃, The flow rate was 1mL?min-1. The fingerprints of 10 batches of Glochidion eriocarpumChamp were analyzed in 45 min. The similarity was analyzed by similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM (Version 2004 A). RESULTS The HPLC fingerprint of Guangxi Glochidion eriocarpumChamp was obtained. The similarity was good. CONCLUSION The method was simple, reproducible and can be used in quality control for Glochidion eriocarpumChamp.

Abstract:Objective：To analyze the different ingredients and identify the main ingredients and content of the volatile oil，which extracted from Nanyang Artemisa argyi volatile oil by two different methods: solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and supercritical fluid extraction ( SFE), and analyse them. Method：The volatile oil was extracted separately from Artemisa argyi leaves by SPME and SFE. Then GG-MS was used to analyze it. Result：38components was identified by SPEM,accounting about 95.17% ，26 components was identified by SFE,accounting about 95.26%. 35kinds of compoments was identified by comparing with the Mass spectrometry data base from the former, and 25 from the latter. The content of each component was different, but most contents of which was Eucaylptole (18.26% and 15.35% respectively). There are other components from SPME, include borneol(11.58%)、isoartemisia ketone(7.15%) and esym-dimethylurea(5.12%); the same as from SFE include isoartemisia ketone(12.15%)、borneol(7.15%) and trans-ocimene(7.03%).Conclusion：The result verify the superiority of the way of SPME,though the components of the volatile oil eatracted by two different ways are obviously different .

Abstract:Objective: To establish TLC fingerprint of antibacterial extraction of Pilea aquarum Dunn. Methods: The antibacterial activity extraction of Pilea aquarum Dunn was confirmed by antibacterial activity research, and then the TLC fingerprint of 10 batches of Pilea aquarum Dunn from Guizhou was analyzed comparatively. Results: The ethyl acetate extraction of Pilea aquarum Dunn is antibacterial activity. Another, the TLC chromatogram of 10 groups of drugs were very similar, which had 8 spots and 8 corresponding peaks, but the intensity of each peak was different. Conclusion: The method is simple and stabilized, and can be used for the quality control of Pilea aquarum Dunn.

Abstract:Objective To establish a sensitive and specific HPLC method for quality control of Ilex hainanensis Merr.．Methods HPLC method was applied for quality assessment of Ilex hainanensis Merr.． HPLC analysis was performed on a HanbonC18 column (250mm×4．6mm，5 m)．The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (solvent B) and watercontaining0.1% (v/v) phosphoric acid (solvent A) at a constant flow rate of 1.0ml/min．An increasing linear gradient (v/v) of solvent B was used. The injection volume was 10μl. The column temperature was set at 25℃. The chromatogram s were monitored at 330nm. Results In different varieties of processing methods of Ilex hainanensis Merr. showing 9 characteristic peaks. It was established from its prepared samples of Ilex hainanensis Merr.．Conclusion The characteristic chromatogram of Ilex hainanensis Merr. with high specificity can be used to control its quality as well as the consistency of processing products.

Abstract:Objective: To establish HPLC fingerprint of Tibetan medicine Pterocephali Herba, and compare it of Pterocephali Herba from different place, provided a new methods for its quality evaluation. Method: Adoption the method of HPLC to determine 10 groups of Pterocephali Herba from different place. Chromatographic Column was Boston Symmetrix(250×4.6mm,5μm), mobile phase was Methanol-0.1 mol.L_-1 ammonium acetate solution(81:19),velocity was 0.8mL.min_-1, the detection wavelength was 210nm, column temperature was 30℃. And compared the similarity of Pterocephali Herba from different place. Result: Taking advantage of < USP fingerprint similarity evaluation system (2004A version)> to establish common mode of HPLC fingerprint of Tibetan medicine Pterocephali Herba, and marked 101 characteristic peaks. The 10 groups samples had high similarity. Conclusion: This method had good repeatability, precision, and stability, providing scientific basis for quality control of Pterocephali Herba.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate feasibility of concentration of Scutellariae Radix decoctions by integrated technology of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. Method: Scutellariae Radix decoctions was treated in turn by centrifuging,ultrafiltration,reverse osmosis.HPLC was adopted to compare main chemical composition of samples before and after treatment,mobile phase was methanol(A)-0.05% phosphoric acid(B) for gradient elution(0-35 min,40%A;35-75 min,60%A),detection wavelength was set at 280 nm.In addition,NaOH solution,HCl solution,sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution and pure water are respectively used to clean membrane fouling. Result: After concentrated 4 hours,concentration ratio of pretreated decoctions was 3.2 times and flux attenuation was 67.64%;concentration ratio of decoctions without pretreatment was 1.6 times and flux attenuation was 85.35%.Contents of baicalin before and after being concentrated were 1.03 g· L^-1 and 8.87 g· L^-1,respectively.Similarities of all test solutions were more than 0.99,it showed that samples before and after concentration had good similarity.After cleaned by different cleaning fluids,flux recovery rates of reverse osmosis were 87.73%,81.50%,67.65%,93.35%,so taking pure water to clean membrane fouling. Conclusion: Integrated technology of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis has advantages of high retention rate of chemical ingredients and high concentration efficiency,which can be used to concentrate Scutellariae Radix decoctions.

Abstract:Objective: To explore effects of processing and usage on dissolution of water,alcohol soluble total components,sinapine and fatty oil from drug pairs of Raphani Semen and Armeniacae Semen Amarum. Method: The content of sinapine was determined by HPLC,mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution(15: 85) and detection wavelength was set at 326 nm;contents of total components in water,alcohol-soluble extract and fatty oil were determined by weight method.Composition and content of fatty acids in Armeniacae Semen Amarum was analyzed by GC-MS with DB-5 quartz capillary column(0.25 mm×30 m),temperature of injection port and gasification room were 230℃ and 270℃,respectively;split ratio was 50: 1,programmed temperature(100-180℃,10℃ · min^-1;180-200℃,4℃ · min^-1;200-220℃,1℃ · min^-1;220-270℃,5℃ · min^-1),MS conditions for EI ion source,70 eV and scanning range of m/z 30-500. Result: Total composition was easy to dissolving out by processing,dissolution of water,alcohol soluble ingredients and sinapine were 9.61%,141.03% and 20.00%,while increase were 0.36-1.85,38.41-62.06,1.40-2.60 times after being crushed,respectively;dissolution between single-decoction and mixed-decoction had no significant differences,dissolution of sinapine reduced 45.16%-68.75% after mixed-decoction. Conclusion: If seeds Chinese medicine not shattered,it do not suitable for extracting by alcohol or wine,crushing can significantly increase solubility of these measured components,mixed-decoction of Raphani Semen and Armeniacae Semen Amarum againsts dissolution of sinapine.Processing in accordance and reasonable application must be combined to ensure curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine.

Abstract:Objective: To find out dominant environmental factors which impact main effective components in barks or leaves of Eucommiae Cortex by gray correlation analysis. Method: HPLC was employed to determine contents of geniposidic acid,aucubin,pinoresinol diglucoside and chlorogenic acid at the same time in barks or leaves of Eucommiae Cortex at 10 years from ten habitats,detection wavelength were 210 nm.Soil physicochemical characteristics were detected,such as total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium and so on,in order to obtain soil factor data,data were analyzed by grey correlation method. Result: There were big differences between barks or leaves of Eucommiae Cortex at the same growth ages in ten habitats.Effects of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,rapidly available potassium,organic matter,the annual average relative humidity,the annual average maximum temperature on contents of four compounds from different tissue were remarkable. Conclusion: Grey correlation analysis finds out dominant environmental factors that impact contents of active ingredients in different tissues of Eucommiae Cortex.It may provide a clue to improve content of secondary metabolites in Eucommiae Cortex by rational application of fertilizer and environmental control,it also provides scientific guidance for choosing suitable areas and analyzing genuineness causes of Eucommiae Cortex.

Abstract:Objective: To prepare mPEG-PCL copolymer and polymersomes,then investigate in vitro release of INS-mPEG₁₁₄-PCL₁₅₂ polymersomes. Method: mPEG-PCL block copolymer was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization method,chemical structure of these polymers were characterized by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR.Polymersomes were prepared by film hydration method,particle size and apparent morphology were examined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope,respectively;critical aggregation concentration(CAC) was detected by fluorescence techniques with pyrene as a probe.Encapsulation efficiency,drug loading and in vitro release characteristic of INS-mPEG₁₁₄-PCL₁₅₂ polymersomes were determined by Bradford method. Result: Average particle sizes of blank polymersomes were about 200 nm,CAC were all low value.These prepared INS-mPEG₁₁₄-PCL₁₅₂ with 20% drug-copolymer ratio had maximize utilizaiton ratio,average encapsulation efficiency (62.80±2.14)% as well as drug loading (11.10±0.34)%.In vitro cumulative release of INS-mPEG₁₁₄-PCL₁₅₂ polymersomes in 48 h was about 55.05%,with relatively significant burst release at initial 2 h about 19.28%. Conclusion: These polymersomes have uniform particle size with a great anti-dilution capability.INS-mPEG₁₁₄-PCL₁₅₂ polymersomes show a significant burst release at initial stage and then a good sustained-release property with dissociation of surface model drug.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate feasibility of ultrafiltration technique for applicability on removal of bacterial endotoxins in Shengmai injections and provide a reference for clinical medication safety of this preparation. Method: Shengmai intermediates was ultrafiltrated by ultrafiltration membranes with different materials and relative molecular weight cut off.In order to optimize ultrafiltration process,kinetic-turbidimetric method was used to determine the content of bacterial endotoxins in Shengmai intermediates before and after using ultrafiltration;change of contents of active components was examined by HPLC,taking ginsenoside Rg₁,Re,Rb₁ and schisandrin as mark components,mobile phase was acetonitrile(A)-water(B) for gradient elution(0-30 min,0-10%A;30-40 min,10%-23%A;40-50 min,23%A;50-85 min,23%-60%A;85-95 min,60%-100%A),detection wavelength was 203 nm. Result: Through ultrafiltration membranes with different apertures and materials,transmittance of Shengmai intermediates showed obvious differences.Transmittance of active components were above 99% and removal rate of endotoxins was 97.79% after 100 kDa composite ultrafiltration membrane,which were better than that of the same aperture of polyether sulfone ultrafiltration membranes. Conclusion: Applicability of ultrafiltration for Shengmai injections is good using 100 kDa composite ultrafiltration membrane.Utrafiltration technique can be used to remove bacterial endotoxins with high recovery rate of active components in Shengmai intermediates,thus providing experimental basis for production improvement of this preparation.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize formulation process of auraptene dispersible tablets and evaluate its in vitro dissolution. Method: With angle of repose,hardness and disintegration time as indexes,effects of cross-linking polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVPP),microcrystalline cellulose(MCC),pregelatinized starch(PRS),low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose(L-HPC),sodium carboxymethyl starch(CMS-Na) and other excipients on formulation process were investigated.In vitro dissolution of dispersible tablets was determined by HPLC,mobile phase of methanol-water(95: 5),detection wavelength was set at 325 nm. Result: Optimal formula was as follows:auraptene 10 g,MCC 40 g,L-HPC 20 g,PVPP 10 g,CSM-Na 20 g,PRS 30 g,amylum 20 g;dispersible tablets disintegrated uniformly in 1 min,cumulative dissolution of this drug was more than 85% within 30 min. Conclusion: These prepared auraptene dispersible tablets have a fast,homogeneously dispersing profile and good releasing characteristics,which is suitable for clinical application.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize and establish a stir-frying process with honey chaff for Jianchangbang Aurantii Fructus,then to provide a reference for regulating stir-frying processing technology with honey chaff of Jianchangbang features herbal pieces. Method: With comprehensive score of contents of naringin,hesperidin,neohesperidin,ethanol soluble extractives as indicator,orthogonal test was adopted to optimize processing technology of Aurantii Fructus by taking processing time,add honey chaff quantity and processing temperature as factors.HPLC was employed to determine contents of naringin,hesperidin and neohesperidin with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water(82: 18,adjusted pH to 2 with phosphoric acid) and detection wavelength at 283 nm. Result: Temperature had significant effect on processing technology,the best processing technique was:processing time of 80 s,adding quantity of honey chaff 0.10 g· g^-1,processing temperature at 240℃;contents of ethanol soluble extractives,naringin,hesperidin and neohesperidin were 28.242%,4.782%,0.160% and 2.819%. Conclusion: This optimized processing technology is reasonable,reliable and suitable for industrial production of Aurantii Fructus with honey chaff.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize extraction process of total triterpenoids from leaves of Psidium guajava. Method: Considering yield of total triterpenoids as index,based on single factor experiments,response surface methodology was adopted to optimize extraction process by taking ethanol concentration,liquid-solid ratio and ultrasonic power as factors.UV was employed to determine the content of total triterpenoids at 540 nm. Result: Optimum technological conditions were as follows:extracted twice with 60 times the amount of 70% ethanol at 150 W and 50℃ for 30 min of per time;yield of total triterpenoids was 7.93%,whose deviation was small by comparing with the theoretical value of 7.86%. Conclusion: Response surface analysis used in optimization of total triterpenoids is feasible,this study can provide experimental basis for development and utilization of this plant part.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize alcohol and water extraction processes of Zhiyu granules,in order to provide a reference for commercial production of this preparation. Method: HPLC was employed to determine the content of geniposide with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water(10: 90) and detection wavelength at 238 nm;taking yield of geniposide as index,orthogonal test was adopted to optimize alcohol extraction process with extracting time,extracting times,ethanol concentration and amount as factors.The content of total polysaccharides by UV,detection wavelength was set at 490 nm;orthogonal test was used to optimize water extraction process by taking yield of total polysaccharides as index,the amount of water,extraction time and times as factors. Result: Optimum extraction technology of Zhiyu granules was as following:extracted twice with 6 times the amount of 70% ethanol for 1.0 h of per time,then medicine residue extracted thrice with 10 times the amount of water for 2.0 hours of each time;yields of geniposide and total polysaccharides were 0.013 29 and 0.030 39 g· g^-1. Conclusion: This optimized process is reliable and feasible with high extraction rate of effective components.

Abstract:Objective: To discuss effects of different processing methods on contents of main components,in order to provide a reference for comprehensive evaluation of efficacy and quality of Moutan Cortex. Method: RP-HPLC was established for determining contents of paeonol and paeoniflorin,mobile phases were methanol-water(55: 45) and acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid(14: 86),detection wavelengths were 274 nm and 230 nm.Aluminum nitrate chromogenic method was adopted to determine the content of total flavonoids with detection wavelength at 508 nm;sulphuric acid-phenol colorimetric method was used to determine the content of total polysaccharides at 485 nm. Result: Contents comparison of paeonol,paeoniflorin,total flavonoids and total polysaccharides were in order of stir-frying products with wine>crude products>fried yellow products>fried coke products>carbonizing products by stir-frying,fried yellow products>crude products>stir-frying products with wine>fried coke products>carbonizing products by stir-frying,stir-frying products with wine>crude products>fried yellow products>fried coke products>carbonizing products by stir-frying,crude products>stir-frying products with wine>fried yellow products>fried coke products>carbonizing products by stir-frying,respectively. Conclusion: Determination of multi-index ingredients is benefit to monitor quality of processed products of Moutan Cortex and interpret its processing mechanism.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate sterilization effect on Chinese patent medicine by nanosecond pulsed electric fields. Method: Taking Dashanzha pills,Shuxin syrup and Yimucao pastes as research objects,field strength was 40,50,60 kV· cm^-1 and pulse frequency was 10,100 times,by interaction of these two parameters,Chinese patent medicine was electric shocked by nanosecond pulsed electric fields generator,sterilization effect was detected by plating method. Result: Sterilization by nanosecond pulsed electric fields was effective to Shuxin syrup and Yimucao pastes while invalid to Dashanzha pills. Conclusion: Sterilization is effective to liquid and semi-solid Chinese patent medicine by nanosecond pulsed electric fields.

Abstract:Objective: To prepare pH sensitive oral colon-specific drug delivery for Bruceae Fructus seed oil hard capsules. Method: Colon-specific drug delivery of Bruceae Fructus seed oil hard capsules were prepared by thin film coating method,with disintegration time as index,based on single factor tests,orthogonal design was adopted to optimize coating prescription,disintegration of hard capsules with different coating prescriptions under different pH conditions were investigated.HPLC was performed on determination of linoleic acid and oleic acid in Bruceae Fructus seed oil hard capsules with mobile phase of methanol-water(83: 17),flow rate of 1.0 mL· min^-1 and detection wavelength at 242 nm. Result: These prepared colon-specific drug delivery of Bruceae Fructus seed oil hard capsules below pH 6.8 were not collapse and only under pH 7.8 rapidly disintegrate,make this drug to achieve purpose of colon specific delivery;optimum coating formulations was as follows:acrylic resin Ⅲ 1.6 g,eudragit RL100 of 0.2 g,eudragit RS100 of 0.2 g,diethyl phthalate 1.5 mL,castor oil 1 mL,absolute ethyl alcohol 47.5 mL,acetone 47.5 mL,coating weight 3.8%.HPLC determination of separation degree of all kinds of fatty acids in Bruceae Fructus seed oil extract conformed to requirements,concentrations of linoleic acid and oleic acid were 116.37,288.26 mg· L^-1,relative mass fractions were 2.91% and 7.21%,respectively. Conclusion: This optimized prescription can achieve positioning requirement of colon specific.This assaying method is reproducible and accurate with high sensitivity,which can be used for quality control of Bruceae Fructus seed oil controlled release capsules.

Abstract:Objective: The aim of this investigation was to study the detoxification of fruit of Medicine Terminalia (FMT) on root of Kusnezoffii Monkshood (RKM). Method: Ultrasonic extraction was applied to extract aconite alkaloids in RKM and RKM-FMT powder. ESI-MS was adopted to monitor the alkaloids in diethyl ether extract of RKM and the blend of RKM with FMT, in acidic diethyl ether extract of RKM, in absolute ethanol extract of RKM and the blend of RKM with FMT, in absolute ethanol extract of the residue of blend of RKM with FMT after extracting by diethyl ether, as well as diethyl ether extract of the blend of diester-alkaloids with FMT. Result: There were monoester-alkaloids, diester-alkaloids and lipo-alkaloids in diethyl ether extract of RKM, and the relative abundance of diester-alkaloids was the highest among them. In diethyl ether extract of the blend of RKM with FMT, the relative abundance of diester-alkaloids decreased as the FMT amount increased, moreover, that of lipo-alkaloids became the highest when the FMT amount was three times as that of RKM. In acidic diethyl ether extract of RKM, the lipo-alkaloids were detected as the basic peak. The relative abundance of all alkaloids in absolute ethanol extract of RKM was the same as that of the blend of RKM with FMT. FMT didn't affect the relative abundance of the alkaloids in diethyl ether extract of the blend of diester-aconite alkaloids with FMT. On the basis of the above results, we could conclude that FMT can restrain the dissolution of dister-alkaloids of RKM in diethyl ether, however, in absolute ethanol the effect was related to the amount of added FMT. Acid condition could also restrain the dissolution of dister-alkaloids in diethyl ether. Conclusion: Under low polarity condition, detoxification of FMT on RKM was through restraining the release of diester-alkaloids in diethyl ether. This research is significant for studying antidotal method of RKM as well as clarifying the mechanism of synergy of formula which contains both RKM and FMT.

Abstract:Objective: The aim of this study was to establish a sensitive and specific HPLC method for quality control of Ilex hainanensis. Method: HPLC method was applied for quality assessment of I. hainanensis. HPLC analysis was performed on a phenomenon C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile (solvent B) and watercontaining 0.1% phosphoric acid (solvent A) at a constant flow rate of 1.0 mL· min^-1.An increasing linear gradient of solvent B was used. The injection volume was 10 μL. The column temperature was set at 25℃. The chromatograms were monitored at 330 nm. Result: In I. hainanensis obtained from different processing methods, there were 9 characteristic peaks identified. It was established from its prepared samples of I. hainanensis. Conclusion: The characteristic chromatogram of I. hainanensis with high specificity can be used to control its quality as well as the uniformity of processing products.

Abstract:Objective: The study aimed to establish the chromatographic fingerprint of Glochidion eriocarpum by HPLC. Method: The fingerprint was investigated using Hypersil C₁₈ (4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm) column. The mobile phase was consisted of methanol (A) and 0.2% phosphoric acid (B), in gradient elution for 0-7 min,10%A;7-15 min, 10%-22%A;15-20 min,22%-30%A;20-30 min,30%-40%A;30-45 min,40%A. The detection wavelength was set at 270 nm, and column temperature was set at 30℃, The flow rate was 1 mL· min^-1. The fingerprints of 10 batches of G. eriocarpum were analyzed in 45 min. The similarity was analyzed by similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM (version 2004 A). Result: The HPLC fingerprint of Guangxi G. eriocarpum was obtained with good similarity. Conclusion: The method was simple, reproducible and can be used in quality control for G. eriocarpum.

Abstract:Objective: An ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-diode-array detection-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric (UHPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS/MS) method was established to analyze the chemical constituents of the decoction of Indigoferae Stachyoidis Radix. Method: The chromatographic separation was performed on a Synergi Hydro-RP (2.00 mm×100 mm, 2.5 μm) column using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water(A)and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (B). The flow rate was 0.3 g· L^-1 and the mass spectrometer was Bruker Daltonics micro TOF-Q equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The MS and MS/MS spectra were recorded in the negative ion mode.The capillary voltage is 2 800 V. The range of collision energy of MS² is 11 eV from 25 eV. And a condition of Endogenous collision induced dissociation (CID) is 25 eV from 35 eV, the corresponded MS² energy is 12 eV from 17 eV. Result: 15 compounds in the decoction of Indigoferae Stachyoidis Radix were well isolated and identified as gallic acid, protocatechuic acid-3-O-glucoside, protocatechuic aldehyde, protocatechuic acid, glucosyringic acid, gentisic acid, catechin, epicatechin, four procyanidines and three gambiriins. Conclusion: In addition to the compound epicatechin, the other 14 compounds were first reported in this plant. The results have formed the basis for the exploitation of Indigoferae Stachyoidis Radix and the establishment of a quality control method for Indigoferae Stachyoidis Radix.

Abstract:Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the ingredients, and to identify the main ingredients and content of the volatile oil,which extracted from Nanyang Artemisiae Argyi Folium volatile oil by two different solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Method: The volatile oil was extracted separately from Artemisiae Argyi Folium by SPME and SFE. Then GG-MS was used to analyze it. Result: Thirty-eight components were isolated by SPEM, accounting for 95.17% of the total content,Thirty-five components were with 35 identified by comparing with the mass spectrometry database, while 26 components were isolated by SFE, accounting for 95.26% of the total content, with 25 identified by comparing with the mass spectrometry database. The content of each component varied,with eucaylptole as the most (13.75% and 18.26% respectively). The following components isolated from SPME were including borneol (11.58%), isoartemisia ketone (7.15%) and esym-dimethylurea (5.12%);the following components from SFE included isoartemisia ketone (12.15%), borneol (11.38%) and trans-ocimene (7.03%). Conclusion: The result verified the superiority of the SPME method, though the components of the volatile oil extracted by two different ways are obviously different.

Abstract:Objective: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Lancong tea. Method: HPLC was adopted in the fingerprint analysis, and the chromatographic conditions were as follows:InertsilRRSOD-C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) column;mobile phase consisted of methanol(A)-0.1% phosphorous acid(B) solution for gradient elution 0-15 min,5%-15%A;15-43 min,15%-45%A;43-55 min,45%-62%A;55-80 min,62%A. The detection wavelength of 273 nm;the column temperature of 20℃.The flow rate of 1.0 mL· min^-1, gallic acid peak as the reference peak. Result: There were mainly 15 characteristic peaks in the fingerprints. Among these peaks, 13 peaks belonged to Canarii Fructus, 2 peaks belonged to Perillae Folium, and the 2^nd one was gallic acid peak.The similarity of HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Lancong tea were more than 0.99. Conclusion: The fingerprint is stable and feasible, and can be used to control the quality of Lancong tea.

Abstract:Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the HPLC fingerprint of Tibetan medicine Pterocephali Herba, and compare the fingerprints of Pterocephali Herba from different places, in order to provide a new method for its quality evaluation. Method: HPLC method was adopted to determine 10 groups of Pterocephali Herba from different places, with Boston Symmetrix(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)chromatographic column. The mobile phase was methanol-0.1 mol· L^-1 ammonium acetate solution(81: 19) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL· min^-1. The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm, column temperature was maintained at 30℃. And the similarities of Pterocephali Herba from different places were compared. Result: The common mode of HPLC fingerprint of Tibetan medicine Pterocephali Herba was established according to the fingerprint similarity evaluation system of Pharmacopoeia Convention (2004A version), and 11 characteristic peaks were marked. The 10 groups of samples had high similarity. Conclusion: This method has good repeatability, precision, and stability, providing scientific basis for quality control of Pterocephali Herba.

Abstract:Objective: To establish TLC fingerprint of active antibacterial fraction of Pilea aquarum. Method: The activity fraction of P. aquarum was confirmed by antibacterial activity assay, and then the TLC fingerprint of 10 batches of P. aquarum from Guizhou was analyzed comparatively. Result: The EtOAc extraction of P. aquarum is antibacterial activity. The TLC chromatograms of 10 bat ches were very similar, which had 8 spots and 8 corresponding peaks, but the intensity of each peak was different. Conclusion: The method is simple and stabilized, and can be used for the quality control of P. aquarum Dunn.

Abstract:Objective: To study chemical constituents of Periploca forrestii. Method: Many kinds of chromatographic methods were used in the isolation procedure, while the structures of compounds were elucidated by physical and chemical properties and MS, 1 D, 2 D NMR techniques. Result: Two known compounds were isolated from P. forrestii. Identified as 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- (2S, 3S, 4R, 10E)-2-[(2R)- 2-hydroxytetra cosanoylamino]-10- octadecene-3, 4-diol(1), (2S, 3S, 4R, 10E)-2-[(2R)-2- hydroxytetra cosanoylamino] -10 -octadecene-1, 3, 4-triol(2). Conclusion: Two compounds were all isolated from P.forrestii for the first time.

Abstract:Objective: To determine the contents of cucurbitacins B in some parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. Method The sample solutions were prepared in 50% MeOH by the supersonic extraction. An HPLC-UV method was performed on ODS column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol-water(70: 30) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1, the detection wavelength was at 230 nm, and column temperature at 30℃. Result Cucurbitacins B and E were determined in male root, female root, stem, leaf, young fruit, unripe fruit, ripe fruit, unripe flesh, ripe flesh, seed, male flower, carpopodium, unripe pericarp, and ripe pericarp. The contents of cucurbitacin B were 0-23.13 mg per 100 g sample of each part of T. kirilowii. Cucurbitacin E was not detected in any parts of T. kirilowii. Conclusion: There are different contents of cucurbitacin B in different parts of T. kirilowii. The content of cucurbitacin B was 23.13 mg per 100 g of a stouk root of female T. kirilowii growth for 3 years and lower than 9 mg per 100 g of other samples. The contents of cucurbitacin B were related to some factors such as the growth period and the part of T. kirilowii.

Abstract:Objective: to establish the HLPC fingerprint methods of Sophora tonkinensis var.polyphylla and provide reference for scientific evaluation and quality control of S. tonkinensis var. polyphylla herb. To provide reference data for the Homology study of ophora tonkinensis polyphylla and S.tonkinensis through comparing the fingerprints. Method: An HPLC methods was used. An Agilent Eclipse XDB-C₁₈ (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column was adopted, and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.05 mol· L^-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution(adjusted with triethylamine pH 6.4) with a gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL· min^-1, column temperature was 30℃, and detection wavelength 215 nm. A ‘chromatrographic fingerprint evaluation system 2004A edition’ software was used for data processing. Result: The establishment fingerprint of S. tonkinensis var. polyphylla has 14 common peaks and 7 peaks of them were identified using the reference retention time and UV-DAD detector extracted spectra dual qualitative indicators. Most of the compare similarities of fingerprints of each batch herb were above 0.90, in line with the requirements of fingerprint technology research. Comparing with the fingerprint of S. tonkinensis var.polyphylla and S.tonkinensis, the similarity were above 0.90. Conclusion: The precision, stability and reproducibility of the established method was good. The method could be effectively used for quality control of S. tonkinensis var.polyphylla herb and provide a scientific basis for the development and use of the herb. It could be infer that S. tonkinensis var. polyphylla and S.tonkinensis have similar ingredients and close relationships from the compared study of their fingerprints.

Abstract:Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the seeds of Nandina domestica. Method: The compounds were isolated with column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by means of spectral analysis. Result: Nine phenolic compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as syringic acid(1), ethyl gallate(2), ellagic acid(3), caffeic acid(4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid(5), gallic acid(6), protocatechuic acid(7), 3,3'-di-O-methylellagic-4-O-β-D-glucoside(8), bergenin(9), respectively. Conclusion: The compounds 1-9 were first isolated in Nandina domestica.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the material base of Yigan San, a Chinese herbal formula for Alzheimer's disease, and to provide theoretical foundation for the explanation of pharmacological mechanism. Method: The chemical constituents were isolated and identified by various chromatographic and spectral methods. Result: Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as cadambine(1), rhynchophyline(2), liquiritin(3), liquiritigenin(4), isoliquiritin(5), isoliquiritgenin(6), saikochromoside A(7), wogonin-7-O-glucuronide(8), ononin(9), tetrahydroxymethoxychalcone(10), quercetin(11), kaempferol(12), senkyunolide I(13), senkyunolide H(14), and ferulic acid(15), respectively. Conclusion: All these compounds were isolated from the active fraction of Yigan San for the first time.

Abstract:Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Paeonia mairei in Taibai mountains and to supply material basis for its pharmacological research and therapeutic mechanism. Method: The compounds from P. mairei were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and recrystallization method, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of their physicochemical properties and spectra analysis. Result: Eight compounds were obtained and identified as β-sitosterol(1), oleanic acid(2), hederagenin(3), daucosterol(4), chrysophanol(5), benzoic acid(6), gallic acid(7), ethyl gallate(8). Conclusion: Compound 5 were obtained from the genus for the first time. The rest of the compounds was isolated from the plant of P. mairei for the first time.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effect of thujone on human peripheral blood γδ T cells function in vitro. Method: The human peripheral blood γδ T cells were expanded using in vitro isopentenyl pyrosphate method. After culturing with different concentrations of thujone for 48 hours, the growth curve of γδ T cells was tested using CCK-8 method;the cell phenotype, the cell cycle, the cell apoptosis, and the expression of CD107a, perforin, granzyme B were tested using flow cytometer. Result: Thujone could obviously suppress the γδ T cells growth with the concentration range of 300-600 μmol· L^-1(P<0.05), while thujone could proliferate the γδ T cells's growth obviously with the range of 0.036 25-150 μmol· L^-1(P<0.05). The peak of proliferation for thujone was (37.03±0.52)%, and the expression rate of proforin was increased by (39.94±1.04)% at the concentration of 9.4 μmol· L^-1(P<0.05). Conclusion: Thujone can obviously proliferate the γδ T cells and up-regulate the expression of preforin of γδ T cells at the concentration of 9.4 μmol· L^-1.

Abstract:Objective: An HPLC-MS-MS assay for simultaneous determination of phenacetin, tolbutamide, omeprazole, metoprolol tartaric acid, chlorzoxazone and testosterone simultaneously in rat plasma was established to evaluate Glycyrrhizae Radix on the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4). Method: The separation was carried out on a Hanbon C₁₈ column (2.0 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) at 35℃. The mobile phase was methanol-0.1% formic acid (70: 30), running at a flow rate of 0.2 mL· min^-1. Mass spectrometry was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with an ESI source. Two groups of rats were orally administered with saline solution and decoction of Glycyrrhizae Radix, respectively, for consecutive 10 days. On the 11th day of administration, a single oral dose of the mixture of 6 probe drugs was given to all rats. The pharmacokinetics of probe drugs in rats was investigated, and the related pharmacokinetic parameters were statistically analyzed. Result: The HPLC-MS-MS method was validated with good sensitivity, precision, recovery and stability. It was found that Glycyrrhizae Radix could remarkably induce the enzyme activity of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1, whereas inhibit the enzyme activity of CYP3A4. Conclusion: The established method is proved to be sensitive, reliable and simple, which is suitable for the study of Glycyrrhizae Radix or other drugs on the activity of CYP450 enzymes.

Abstract:Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of extracts from Pogostemon cablin and Agastache rugosa. Method: Their antioxidant activity was evaluated and compared using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, 2,2'-amino-di(2-ethyl-benzothiazoline sulphonic acid-6) ammonium salt (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Result: There was some correlation for antioxidant capacity between the total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents (r=0.6099). The ethyl acetate of P. cablin showed the strongest capacity of DPPH scavenging[IC₅₀(79.60±3.14) mg· L^-1], the ethyl acetate of A. rugosa showed the strongest capacity of ABTS scavenging[IC₅₀(4.41±0.23) mg· L^-1], and the petroleum ether of P. cablin had the strongest capacity of FRAP[TEAC(1 822.99±1 141.13) μmol· g^-1]. Conclusion: They all had certain antioxidant effects and small differences were found between P. cablin and A. rugosa.

Abstract:Objective: To analyze the metabolic characteristics of Zuogui Wan in serum of rats. Method: The technology of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to get metabolite fingerprint data of Zuogui Wan in serus, and the orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis method was used to study the difference of the metabolite profile between Zuogui Wan containing serum and blank serum,then the variable importance in projection (VIP) and t test was to show the potential biological metabolites in serum. Result: There were significant differences in the pyruvate, lactic acid, low density lipoprotein and ethyl acetate and other material between Zuogui wan containing serum and blank serum. Conclusion: The variation of pyruvate, lactic acid, low density lipoprotein and ethyl acetate and other material in rats after giving Zuogui Wan containing serum can change the energy metabolism and cause the improvement of metabolism function.

Abstract:Objective: To establish an HPLC-FD method for the determination of catecholamines excretion in rats urinary, and hence providing a reference for the pharmacological research of the hyperactivity of Yin deficiency and Huo exuberance. Method: Catecholamines was concentrated by acid alumina adsorption from rats urinary, followed by the analysis on a HiQ-Sil C₁₈V column at 40℃ with the 0.02 mol· L^-1 KH₂PO₄solution as mobile phases. FD excitation wavelength was set a 280 nm and emission wavelength was set a 316 nm, flow rate was 0.5 mL· min^-1 throughout the analysis. Result: Catecholamines could be satisfactorily separated from the interferential components in the sample. The linearity of the calibration curve, precision and repeatability was good with the average recovery reached 65% to 71%. In addition, the sample solution prepared was stable within 16 h(RSD<2%). And, the catecholamines excretion in rats urinary after adjustment raise was stable. Conclusion: The method for sample solution preparation was convenient. Moreover, the HPLC-FD method developed in the study was stable and reliable, and hence can be used to determine the catecholamines excretion in rats urinary.

Abstract:Objective: To explore the influence on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), transforming growth factor-β₁ (TGF-β₁) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) liver tissue and nephridial tissue injury in diabetic nephropathy rats by Yishenkang granules. Method: Diabetic nephropathy model was established using unilateral nephrectomy combined with streptozotocin induction. Fourty-three diabetic nephropathy rats were randomly divided into model group, positive group, Yishenkang granules groups (2, 5, 15 g· kg^-1). The rats in positive group were ig given 5.2 mg·kg^-1 losartan. The rats in Yishenkang granules were given 2, 5, 15 g· kg^-1Yishenkang granules, respectively. Another 10 normal rats were assigned to normal group. The rats in normal group and model group were ig given distilled water. All rats were given a 12-week treatment. The blood glucose (GLU), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (SCr) and the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), transforming growth factor-β₁ (TGF-β₁) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) in rat liver tissue and nephridial tissue were determined. Result: Compared with normal group, the GLU in model group was increased at weeks 6 and 12 (P<0.05). Compared with normal group, the SCr and BUN in model group were increased at weeks 6 and 12 (P<0.05), and the SCr and BUN were decreased in Yishenkang granules of 5 g·kg^-1 and 15 g· kg^-1 groups after 6- and 12-week treatment (P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, MMP-9 was significantly decreased, TGF-β₁ and TIMP-1 were significantly increased in model group (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the changes of MMP-9, TGF-β₁ and TIMP-1 in positive control group, Yishenkang granules of 2, 5, 15 g· kg^-1groups had significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: Yishenkang granules could regulate the expression levels of MMP-9, TGF-β₁ and TIMP-1 in liver tissue of diabetic nephropathy rats. It has certain adjustable effect on mechanism of liver injury and could improve renal function at the same time.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the influence of Changyanqing oral liquid on intestinal mucosal permeability of ulcerative colitis mice and to explore its possible mechanism. Method: The ulcerative colitis (UC) model in BALB/c mice was induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The UC model mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group, salicylazosul fapyridine (SASP) group (0.5 g· kg^-1), Changyanqing low-, moderate- and high-dose group(0.176, 0.352,0.528 g· kg^-1). The plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity was detected using ELISA method. The occludin, claudin, zonula occludens(ZO-1) gene expression and protein expression of colon parts were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blot method. Result: The DAO activity in Changyanqing oral liquid of all dosage groups was significantly lower than that in model group with significant difference (P <0.05). The expression levels of occludin, claudin 1, ZO-1 mRNA in Changyanqing of all dosage groups were higher those in model group with significant difference (P<0.05). Better concentration-response relationship was shown between the level claudin 1, ZO-1, occludin mRNA expression and drug delivery dosage. The expression level of ZO-1 and occludin proteins in the intestine of all Changyanqing dosage groups were higher than that those in model group with significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: The mechanism of Changyanqing oral liquid in treating ulcerative colitis may be achieved by improving the intestinal mucosal permeability, which is relevant to regulating the expression level of occludin, claudin and ZO-1.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effects of Sini San and Liuwei Dihuang Wan on the proliferation and the expression of c-myc mRNA and CyclinD1 mRNA of neural stem cells(NSCs) in vitro. Method: NSCs of the thirrd generation in good condition were resuspended, blew, struck and cultured in medium with the density of 1×10⁵/mL and in incubator with 5% CO₂ and 95% humidity at 37℃.The cultured NSCs were divided into five groups: the normal control group, the low doses of and the high doses of Sini San group, the low doses of and the high doses of Liuwei Dihuang Wan group. All NSCs in five groups were cultivated with DMEM/F12(1: 1) medium for 4 days. The culture medium was changed 30% every other day. The low concentration of Sini San decoction with 0.133 g crude drug per liter, the high concentration of Sini San decoction with 0.267 g crude drug per liter, the low concentration of Liuwei Dihuang Wan decoction with 0.208 g crude drug liter and the high concentration of Liuwei Dihuang Wan decoction with 0.416 g crude drug per liter were added respectively into the medium in the low doses of Sini San group, the high doses of Sini San group, the low doses of Liuwei Dihuang Wan group and the high doses of Liuwei Dihuang Wan group. The proliferation of cells was detected by 5-bromo-2-deoxy uridine(BrdU) labeling fluorescence immunocytochemistry every day. The relative expression of c-myc mRNA and cyclinD1 mRNA was detected by fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR in each group. Result: The results of BrdU labeling fluorescence immunocytochemistry:the proliferation of cells in the low and high doses of Liuwei Dihuang Wan group was more obvious than that in the low doses of Sini San group and the high doses of Sini San group(P<0.01).There was no obvious difference in the proliferation of cells between the low doses of Sini San group, the high doses of Sini San group and normal control group. Results of fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR:the relative expression of c-myc mRNA and CyclinD1 mRNA in the low doses of Liuwei Dihuang Wan group and the high doses of Liuwei Dihuang Wan group was higher obvious than that in the low doses of Sini San group and the high doses of Sini Powder group(P<0.01).There was no obvious difference in the relative expression of c-myc mRNA and CyclinD1 mRNA between the low doses of Sini San group, the high doses of Sini San group and normal control group. Conclusion: Compared with Sini San, Liuwei Dihuang Wan has a significant stimulative effect on the proliferation of NSCs or the expression of c-myc mRNA and CyclinD1 mRNA.

Abstract:Objective: To study effects of Buyang Huanwu Tang (BYHWT)on morphology and organ coefficients of splenic organ and brainand β-amyloid(Aβ) of hippocampal in Alzheimer's disease mice. Method: Male APP/PSI double transgenic mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,treatment group,BYHWT high-dose group(37.06 g· kg^-1), medium dose group(18.53 g· kg^-1), low-dose group(9.26 g· kg^-1).The mice were killed 28 days after continuous treating. After the treatment all animals were sacrificed,morphology of Hippocampal was observed,calculated the organ coefficients of splenic organ and brain. Biochemical methods were used to determine the content of Aβ in the hippocampal tissue. Result: Compared with the control group,the model group had no normal morphological structure of nerve cells and the number of nerve cells was significantly decreased,the organ coefficients of splenic organ and brain significantly decreased(P<0.05),Aβ was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the BYHWT group recovered normal morphological structure of nerve cells and the number of nerve cells was significantly increased,the organ coefficients of splenic organ and brain significantly increased(P<0.05),Aβ was significantly decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion: BYHWT can improve normal morphological structure of nerve cells of Alzheimer's disease mice,increase organ coefficients of splenic organ and brain and decrease Aβ responses.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effects of flavonoids from Potentilla discolor (FPD) on insulin substrate-2-phosphatidylinositol-3kinase(IRS-2-PI3K)signaling pathway of liver tissue on type 2 diabetes mellitusmellitus (T2DM) rat. Method: Male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were administrated with enriched diet and injected with streptozotocin(STZ,ip,30 mg· kg^-1)to make the model of rat T2DM. The changes of serum fasting blood glucose (FBG),blood lipids,serum fasting insulin (FINS),liver glycogen and free fatty acid were observed. The expressions of IRS-2,PI3-K in liver tissue were determined with Western blots. Result: Compared with normal group, FBG and total cholesterin(TC)were increased,while body weight and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)were decreased (P<0.05).Compared with model group,FBG, FINS and insulin resistance index in T2DM rats treated with FPDB were decreased significantly(P<0.05).TC were decreased and HDL-C were increased (P<0.05).IRS-2 and PI3-K protein expressions were obviously increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: The effect of FPDB in treating T2DM was probably contributed to adjusting the dyperfunction of glucose and lipid metabolism and associated with its improvement IRS-2--PI3K protein expressions of hepatic insulin on T2DM rat.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the preventive effects of Xuesaitong and Ginaton injection on cerebral ischemia reperfusion(I/R) injury in rats. Method: Hundred and thirty SD male rats were divided into low dosage (25 mg· kg^-1) and high dosage (50 mg· kg^-1), of Xuesaitong and Ginaton injection, sham-operation and model groups.The volume of cerebral infarction, behavioral score, weight, mortality, superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione-S-transferase(GSH-S-transferase), nitrogen oxide(NO), NO synthase(NOS), xanthine oxidase(XOD), C-reactive proein(CRP) were determined to evaluate preventive effect. Result: Low Xuesaitong dosage had no effect on volume of cerebral infarction,behavioral score at 4, 24 h, mortality, SOD, GSH, NO and NOS, but it could reduce MDA content significantly. High Xuesaitong dosage had no effect on behavioral score at 4 h, mortality, SOD, MDA, NO, NOS, CRP, but it could reduce behavioral score at 24 h, volume of cerebral infarction, GSH. The low Ginaton dosage had no effect on weight,behavioral score at 4,24 h, mortality, MDA, SOD, GSH, NOS, but it could reduce volume of cerebral infarction, NO content significantly;the high dosage had no effect on MDA, SOD, GSH, NO, CRP. It could reduce behavioral score at 4, 24 h, volume of cerebral infarction, NOS and XOD activities significantly. Conclusion: The high dose Xuesaitong and Ginaton might be more effective than low dosage in reducing cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. No significant difference was observed between Xuesaitong and Ginaton in a same dosage.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the expression of estrogen effect correlator(EFC) and angiogenesis correlator(AC),and investigate the mechanism of different doses of Puling Huayu Zhitong prescription (PLP) at the different position of the endomembrane in adenomysis(AM) mice. Method: AM mouse model was established by pituitary intrauterine transplant operation.The mice were divided into five groups 3 months after modeling:the normal group, the model group and the high, medium,low dose groups of PLP. The express of EFC and AC was detected by method of immunohistochemisty dyeing. Result: Whether in ectopia or eutopia endometrium, the express of cytochrome P450 proteins (P450), cyclo-oxygen-ase 2(COX-2), estrogen receptor a (ERa) increased dramatically after treatment compared to model group, ther was no significant difference among three therapeutics groups except the express of COX-2 in eutopia endometrium. The expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule CD31(CD31)increased notably in eutopia endometrium after treatment compared to the model group, the increased extent of CD31 in high dose group was higher than that in medium and low dose groups. In ectopia endometrium, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases-2(MMP-2) decreased significantly in group high dose group compared to group low dose group after treatment. Conclusion: The dose of PLF is correspond with the action of improvement of ischemia, anoxemia, and with the regulation of the AC,which has no associativity with EFC.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effect of Qutan Huoxue decocotion (QTHXD) on the expression of aquaporin 9 (AQP9) in the nonalcoholic fatty liver rats, and discuss the mechanism. Method: Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,12 each group:the blank control group, model control group,QTHXD low, medium and high dose groups(6,12,16 g· kg^-1),all rats except balnk congtrol group were fed high fat diet for 10 weeks to establish nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) model. After modelingg, the corresponding drugs were ig giventwice a day, for 2 weeks.HE,ELISA and RT-PCR were used to observe the liver pathology changes, total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG) and the AQP9 mRNA expression in liver cells. Result: ① AQP9 expression in liver cells of NAFLD model group compared with blank control group was raised., but decreased in three QTHXD dose 12 g· kg^-1group was lower than the other two groups.②TC and TG in three QTHXD dose groups deacreased, 16 g· kg^-1group was lower than the other two groups.③Hepatic steatosis in the QTHXD different dose groups was reduced compared with NAFLD model group, and hepatic steatosis in 16 g· kg^-1 group reduced more markedly than the other two groups. Conclusion: QTHXD could regulate AQP9 expression of liver cells in NAFLD model rats,reduce TC and TG and improve the degree of hepatic steatosis.

Abstract:Objective: To study the effects of Lepidium meyennii on the content of testosterone, correlated hormones and anti-fatigue ability of rats after exercise. Method: By using the model of high-intensity endurance training, fifty-five 6-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 10 in each group (5 rats which did not meet the requirement were removed):still in control group (C group), motion control group (M group), exercise+ig low-dose L. meyennii group (OML group), exercise+ig middle-dose L. meyennii group (OMM group), and exercise+ig high-dose L. meyennii group (OMH group). Gavage was performed using professional device once a day. The rats in L. meyennii groups were gavaged with 0.2, 0.4, 1.2 g· kg^-1 with ig volume of 5 mL· kg^-1. The rats in C and M groups were given saline of same volume. After 42 days of exhaustive swimming training, body weight, swimming time and serum testosterone and other biochemical markers were measured. Result: Body weight of the rats in M groups was lower than those in C group (P<0.05), and those in all doses of L. meyennii groups were higher than in M group (P<0.05) which did not show any differences among groups. Swimming time in all doses of L. meyennii groups were longer than in M group (P<0.01), and there were dose-response. But there were no differences between C and M groups. Serum testosterone in M group was lower than C group (P<0.01), in the same time, serum testosterone were higher in all doses of L. meyennii groups than M group[OML:(4.78±1.58) nmol· L^-1;OMM:(4.95±1.54) nmol· L^-1;OMH:(5.06±1.59) nmol· L^-1, P<0.01]. The serum corticosterone levels in each group showed no significant differences. Changes in the ratio of serum testosterone/corticosterone were more consistent with testosterone changes among the groups. There were no differences in luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone among C group and M group. But luteinizing hormone in all doses of L. meyennii groups were higher than in M group (P<0.01). In the mean time, follicle-stimulating hormone in all doses of L. meyennii groups were higher than in M group (P<0.01). There were no differences in both luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone between groups in all doses of L. meyennii groups. Conclusion: The supplement of L. meyennii can alleviate the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis function disorder caused by exercise through multiple targets and multiple ways. Finally, L. meyennii can prevent the decrease of serum testosterone after high-intensity exercise and improve anti-fatigue ability.

Abstract:Objective: To evaluate effects of Epimedii Folium on airway hyperresponsiveness in rat asthma. Method: Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, including the normal group, asthma model group, dexamethasone group, and three Epimedii Folium groups at dose of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 g· kg^-1 with 10 rats in each group. A rat model of asthma was developed by ovalbumin OVA sensitization with 100 mg of OVA mixed with 100 mg aluminum hydroxide on day 0, followed by exposing to aerosolized OVA for 4 weeks. Airway reactivity was measured by Buxco's modular and invasive system. Interleukin[interferon-γ(INF-γ), interleukin(IL) -4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β₁)] levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) supernatant were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorhent assay(ELISA). Lung tissues were examined to evaluate the severity of inflammatory cell infiltration, airway mucus expression, and collagen deposition. Result: Compared with the normal group, OVA-expose significantly increased airway resistance of rats(R_L) (P<0.01), decreased lung dynamic compliance (C_dyn) (P<0.01), elevated levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TGF-β₁ and TNF-α, but reduced INF-γ(P<0.05, P<0.01)in the BALF,and marked increase of inflammatory cells, mucus production and collagen deposition in lung tissues (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, epimedium at the dose of 2.5, 5.0,10.0 g· kg^-1 significantly reduced R_L,improved C_dyn (P<0.05). Epimedii Folium dose-dependently inhibited the IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF (P<0.05, P<0.01). Histological studies showed that Epimedii Folium at the dose of 5.0, 10.0 g· kg^-1 markedly inhibited airway inflammation, mucus production and collagen deposition in lung tissues (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Epimedii Folium can significantly inhibit airway hyperresponsiveness, which is associated with its alleviation on airway inflammation and remodeling.

Abstract:Objective: To study the effect of Ailuo Kechuanning on expression of p38MAPK,tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),and aquaporin 5(AQP5) genes in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Method: Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)smoke was used to COPD rat model,the experimental animals were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,Normal group, model group was given physiological saline(15.52 mL· kg^-1· d^-1) byintragastric, Ailuo Kechuanning group(7.75,15.52,31.04 g· kg^-1· d^-1),ig for 15 days. The expression of p38MAPK,TNF-α and AQP5 genes in the trachea, bronchus and lung tissue were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques. Result: Compared with the normal group, the expression of mRNA and protein of AQP5 were weakened, but the expression of p38MAPK,TNF-α mRNA and protein were enhanced in model group, the expression of AQP5 protein was negatively correlated with p38MAPK(r=-0.547,P<0.01),TNF-α protein(r=-0.532,P<0.01).Compared Ailuo Kechuanning mediate-dose group with the model group, the expression of AQP5 gene in enhancements, However, the expression of p38MAPK,TNF-α genes was decreased apparently,the expression of AQP5 protein was negatively correlated with p38MAPK(r=-0.542,P<0.01),TNF-α protein(r=-0.541,P<0.01). Conclusion: The mechanism of Ailuo Kechuanning regulating COPD airway mucus hypersecretion may increase AQP5 gene and inhibit p38 MAPK,TNF-α genes expression.

Abstract:Objective: To study the effect of Banxia Xiexin Tang on intestinal immune function in fluorouracil-induced diarrhea mice, and to reveal the therapeutic mechanism on chemotherapy-induced diarrhea. Method: The fluorouracil(40 mg· kg^-1) was intraperitoneal injected for 6 days to establish the diarrhea mice model. Sixty ICR mice were randomized into 6 groups:normal group, model group,montmorillonite powder group(1.17 g·kg^-1), Banxia Xiexin Tang(2.5,1.25,0.625 g· kg^-1) group, administrated by oral gavage for 2 day before modeling, the intervention period lasted 11 days. Then we observed the changes of daily activity status, food intake, body weight, diarrhea, measured the quality of the thymus and spleen, observed the pathological changes of ileal tissue, measured the expression of intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), interleukin-15(IL-15)by ELISA method. Result: Compared to normal group, the diarrhea of model group mice was aggravated and the weight, thymus and spleen index were decreased, the levels of IgA and VIP were decreased, whereas the IL-15 was increased.Compared to model group,Banxia Xiexin Tang could significantly inhibit body weight loss, diarrhea and spleen, thymus reduction induced by fluorouracil in mice. Banxia Xiexin Tang could increase the levels of IgA and VIP and decrease IL-15 expression (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Banxia Xiexin Tang could prevent the fluorouracil induced diarrhea by up-regulating the expression of IgA, VIP and down-regulating the expression of IL-15, thereby generating immune protection.

Abstract:Objective: To study the effect of the Yiqi Huoxue recipe on expression of the matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)/tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase(TIMP-2) in radiation-induced lung injury model rats, in order to know the mechanism of this recipe. Method: One hundred and twenty female rats were divided into four groups at random:namely simple exposure group(model group,n=30), radiational Yiqi Huoxue recipe high-dose group and the radiational Yiqi Huoxue recipe low-dose group(n=30),and blank control group(control group,n=30). Six rats were selected randomly from the four groups each time at the 4^th, 6^th, 8 ^th, 12^th, 26^th weekend after first radiation, those rats were executed immediately after intraperitoneal anesthesia, took the right lung tissue of them and saved in right way. Reverse transcription PCR(RT- PCR) was used to detect the dynamic change of mRNA expression of MMP-2, TIMP-2 in each time point.Western-blotting was used to detect the dynamic change of protein expression of MMP-2, TIMP-2 in each time point. Result: The expression of MMP-2 mRNA and protein appeared a first increased and then decline trend from 4^thweekend to 20^th weekend after irradiation, and the peak was in 12^th.The expression of TIMP-2 mRNA and protein appeared a rising tend from 4^thweekend to 20^th weekend after irradiation. The mRNA and protein expression trend is similar to Yiqi Huoxue recipe high-dose group and model group,but they have different change in different time point. In Yiqi Huoxue recipe low-dose group the indicators changed with no statistical significance. Conclusion: High-dose Yiqi Huoxue recipe can adjust the expression of MMP-2/TIMP-2 from the transcription and translation level in each period of radioactive lung injury, making so as to reduce the radioactive lung injury. This may be the molecular biology mechanism of the drug in prevention and control of radioactive lung injury.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the inhibitory action of Sophora tonkinensis and its granules on hepatoma H22 ascitic tumor,S180 solid tumor and investigate their mechanisms. Method: Using cyclophosphamide(CTX)as a positive control to compare with Transplantated hepatoma H22 ascitic tumor,S180 solid tumor of mice in vitro. Use the cyclophosphamide(CTX) as positive control, the mice that successful tumor types were were randomly divided into nine groups, which are the normal control group, model group, S.tonkinensis high, medium and low dose group (raw medicine 7.0,3.5,1.75 g· kg^-1), S. tonkinensis granules high, medium and low dose group (raw medicine 7.0,3.5,1.75 g· kg^-1), positive control group (CTX,0.02 g· kg^-1). Two days after grouping, give the positive group ip CTX. Other groups give appropriate medicine once a day, for 11 days. The volumes are 20 mL· kg^-1. Observe the effect of S.tonkinensis and its granules on the weight of hepatoma H22 ascitic tumor and S180 solid tumor, inhibition rate and the organ index. The content of tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(INF-γ),interleukin-2(IL-2)in mice serum were determined by using radioimmunoassay. Result: The growth of hepatoma H22 ascitic tumor and S180 solid tumor was significantly inhibited by both S.tonkinensis and its granules after a treatment from day 1 to day 10 by ig besides,the level of TNF-α(P<0.05),INF-γ(P<0.05),IL-2(P<0.01) in mice serum was significantly improved. Conclusion: The mechanisms of S.tonkinensis and its granules on hepatoma H22 ascitic tumor and S180 solid tumor may be related to repressing the expression of cytokines.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effects of Wuzi Chengqi decoction on hyperuricemia rats. Method: Sixty SD male rats were divided randomly into 6 groups: normal control, model control, positive control, Wuzi Chengqi decoction high, middle and low dose groups(104, 52, 26 g· kg^-1). The hyperuricemia rat models induced by adenine(100 mg· kg^-1,ig,qd×28 d) and potassium oxonate (250 mg· kg^-1,ip,qw×4weeks). High, middle and low dose groups were given Wuzi Chengqi decoction 104, 52 and 26 g· kg^-1,ig respectively.After 4 weeks of modeling,the rats in each group of serum uric acid (UA),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine(SCr),xanthine oxidase (XOD),urinary UA and renal indices were examined. Result: Compared with normal group, UA in urine was decreaed, while UA, XOD,Cre and BUN in serum were increased significantly (P<0.01). The content of urine uric acid of low,middle and high dose groups were (146.3±22.5), (202.2±53.8),(218.1±62.6) μmol· L^-1 respectively,which was significantly higher than those of the model group (89.8±27.1)μmol· L^-1(P<0.01,P<0.05). The content of serum uric acid of low,middle and high dose groups were (207.3±42.5),(177.1±50.5),(158.0±49.0)μmol· L^-1 respectively,which was significantly lower than those of the model group(285.0±54.1)μmol· L^-1(P<0.01,P<0.05).Wuzi Chengqi decoction also could significantly inhibited the serum XOD activity,decrease the content of serum SCr and BUN(P<0.01,P<0.05). Conclusion: Wuzi Chengqi decoction has good preventive and therapeutic effect on hyperuricemia rats induced by adenine and potassium oxonate.

Abstract:Objective: To observe effects of Jiawei Duhuo Jisheng Tang on mRNA transcription expression levels of interleukin-17(IL-17),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6) in knee joint synovial and protein expression in serum of type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Method: A rat model of collagen induced arthritis(CIA) was developed with male SPF sprague-dawley rats,thirty CIA rats were divided randomly into 5 groups,the model group were given distilled water(ig,10 mL· kg^-1),the leflunomide group(ig,10 mL· kg^-1),low,medium and high dosage groups of Jiawei Duhuo Jisheng Tang(ig,11,22,44 g· kg^-1),6 rats each group.Rats in the normal group were given the same dosage of distilled water,all rats received oral administration of corresponding medicines once daily for 12 weeks.Levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-17(IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in serum were examined by ELISA,mRNA transcription expression levels of IL-6,IL-17,TNF-α were detected by RT-PCR.Statistical methods was employed by variance analysis. Result: Compared with the normal group,mRNA and protein expression of IL-6,IL-17,TNF-α increased significantly in the model group. Compared with the model group,mRNA and protein of IL-6,TNF-α in treatment groups was down-regulated,protein expression of IL-17 of Jiawei Duhuo Jisheng Tang decreased significantly and mRNA expression of IL-17 was no significant differences. Conclusion: Jiawei Duhuo Jisheng Tang shows a certain therapeutic effect on CIA rats,its anti-inflammatory action mechanism may achieve by reducing expression of IL-6,IL-17 and TNF-α.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the curative efficacy of Anshen Kangdian decoction combined with carbamazepine and Sodium valproate acid and to discuss its influence on anti oxygen free radicals and inflammatory reaction in treating epilepsy. Method: Ninety-two patients were randomly divided into control group (46 cases) and observation group (46 cases) by random number table. Patients in control group received 0.2-1.0 g carbamazepine tablets orally at 3 times daily and 0.4-1.6 g sodium valproate tablets orally at 3 times daily. Based on the treatment of control group, patients in observation group added modified Anshen Kangdian decoction treatment. Patients in both group received 6 month periods of treatment. Seizure situation and quality of life were evaluated before and after the treatment. Besides, a long-term electroencephalogram test was conducted. Levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected before and after the treatment. Result: The clinical curative effect of control group was superior to that of observation group (P<0.05) by the chi-square test order data. Scoring of epileptic seizures in observation group was less than that in control group, while the quality of life score in observation group was higher than that in control group after treatment (P<0.01). The number of epileptiform discharge cases in observation group was less than the number of control group (P<0.05), while the number of epileptiform discharge declined or disappeared in observation group was more than the number of control group after treatment (P<0.05). Levels of serum TNF-α, IL-1 and MDA in observation group were inferior to those in control group (P<0.01), while serum SOD level of observation group was higher than that of control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Therapy of Anshen Kangdian decoction combined with carbamazepine tablets and Sodium valproate acid can reduce seizure frequency, improve the quality of life in treating epilepsy. Its mechanism may be related to eliminating oxygen free radicals and reducing inflammatory reaction.

Abstract:Objective: To discuss the influence of Qizhi Weitong granules and Muxiang Shunqi pills combined with omeprazole magnesium enteric-coated tablets and itopride hydrochloride tablets on esophageal motility and acid reflux in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Method: Ninety GERD patients were randomly divided into western medicine group (45 cases) and observation group (45 cases) by random number table. Patients in western medicine group took 20 mg omeprazole magnesium enteric-coated tablets orally morning and night and 50 mg itopride hydrochloride tablets 3 times daily. Based on the treatment of western medicine group, patients in observation group added 5 g Qizhi Weitong particle 3 times daily, and 6 g Muxiang Shunqi pills 3 times daily. All patients in two groups received 8-week course of treatmen. Score of reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ) scale was recorded before and after the treatment. Esophageal manometry and 24 h esophageal pH monitoring were conducted. Result: The resting pressure of upper and lower esophageal sphincter in both groups were increased after treatment. Besides, the observation group obtained better results (P<0.01). Success rate of wet swallowing in both groups was increased as compared with that before, and the success rate in observation group was higher than that in western medicine group (P<0.01). The total number of acid reflux, the number of acid reflux>5 min, the percentage of total pH 4, the percentage of decubitus pH<4, the longest reflux time and DeMeester score in observation group were decreased after treatment (P<0.01). Besides, total number of acid reflux and DeMeester score in observation group were less than those in western medicine group (P<0.01). RDQ scale heartburn, reflux, non cardiac chest pain, anti acid score and total score in observation group were inferior to those in western medicine group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine therapy can strengthen function of esophageal peristalsis, improve esophageal motility, reduce acid reflux, and relieve GERD symptoms. The curative effect of this therapy is superior to using western medicine treatment alone.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the influence of Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with Sanshenqi oral liquid on patients' T lymphocyte subsets, natural killer (NK) cells and T helper type 1 (Th1)/T helper type 2 (Th2) cells in patients with radiotherapy after cervical cancer operation. Method: Seventy-eight patients were randomly divided into control group (39 cases) and observation group (39 cases) by random number table. Patients in control group received universality hysterectomy operation, then received drill⁶⁰ for entire pelvic external radiotherapy (5 000 CGy/25 times for 5 weeks) plus iridium¹⁹² for intracavitary radiotherapy to point A (600-700 CGy time/week for 4 weeks). Based on the treatment of control group, patients in observation group added Shenqi Fuzheng injection by intravenous drip (250 mL/time for 21 day periods of treatment separated by 7 days without treatment) and Sanshenqi oral liquid (20 mL/time, twice daily). All patients received 12 week period of treatment. Levels of T-lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood (CD3⁺, CD4⁺,CD8⁺and CD4⁺/CD8⁺) and NK cells, and levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected before and after the treatment. Scores of qualities of lives were graded by Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scale. Result: After treatment, the levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺and NK cells in observation group were increased (P<0.01), and which were higher than those in control group (P<0.01). The level of CD8⁺in observation group was decreased (P<0.01), and which was lower than that in control group (P<0.01). Levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 in observation group were higher than that in control group(P<0.01). Levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). KPS score in observation group was (76.4±7.6), which was superior to that in control group (70.5±6.8) (P<0.01). The effective rate of life quality in observation group was 87.2%, which was higher than that in control group 64.1%, (P<0.05). Conclusion: Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with Sanshenqi oral liquid can improve the life qualities of patients with radiotherapy after cervical cancer operation. Moreover, it can improve patients' immune function and there was a certain advantage in treating cancer treatment.

Abstract:Objective: To discuss the curative efficacy of Bushen Jiansui decoction in treating recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI) and the influence on inflammatory response of microcirculation. Method: Sixty-four patients with SCI were divided into control group (32 cases) and observation group (32 cases) using stratified blocked randomization. Patients in control group received rehabilitation training such as bladder functional training and toilet training, and patients with central pain took 20 mg tofluoxetine capsules orally once daily and 50 mg pethidine hydrochloride tablets 2 to 3 times daily according to their conditions. Patients in control group also received electroacupuncture treatment. Based on the treatment of control group, patients in observation group added Bushen Jiansui decoction. Patients in two groups received 8-week course of treatment. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) was graded. Extend dataset of bowel function of international SIC was evaluated. And pain was evaluated by short-from of McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ). Thromboxane A₂(TXA₂), plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1), serous nitric oxide (NO) and intercelluar adhesion molecule were detected before and after the treatment. Result: ① Neuropathic bladder curative effect:LUTS scores in observation group were inferior to that in control group after the treatment (P<0.01). The improvement of voiding dysfunction in observation group was superior to that in control group via Chi-square test order information (P<0.05). ② Neurogenic bowel dysfunction curative effect:the number of patients with abdominal distension, constipation, drug dependence in observation group was less than theose in control group after the treatment (P<0.01). Besides, defecation time in observation group was shorter than that in control group (P<0.01). ③ Pain curative effect:PRI,VAS, PPI and total scores in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). ④ Microcirculation inflammatory effect:Levels of TXA₂, ET-1 and ICAM-1 in observation group were lower than those in control group, while the NO level in observation group was higher than that in control group after the treatment (P<0.01). Conclusion: Based on routine rehabilitation therapy, adopting Bushen Jiansui decoction can promote neuropathic bladder and bowel dysfunction recovery, reduce central pain with spinal cord injury patients. Its action mechanism may be related to improving microcirculation and inhibiting inflammatory reaction.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effect of Jinshuibao capsule on pulmonary function and immune function (Th17/Treg) in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Method: Seventy-six patients with COPD were randomly divided into 2 groups;38 patients in the control group took tiotropium bromide powder for inhalation alone, 18 μg daily;38 patients in the treatment group added Jinshuibao capsule, 3 capsules each time, 3 times daily;the patients in two groups received 3-month period of treatment. Clinical efficacy, clinical symptoms, pulmonary function and immune function (Th17/Treg) changes in two groups were observed before and after the treatment. Result: ①The total effective rate of the treatment group and the control group were 88.6% and 77.1% respectively(P<0.05). ②After the treatment, symptom score of the treatment group was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the improvement of clinical symptoms in the treatment group was better than that in the control group (P<0.01). ③After the treatment, forced expiratory rolume in one second(FEV₁), FEV₁% and FEV₁/forced vital capacity(FVC)% in the treatment group were increased (P<0.01), there was statistical difference as compared with that in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). ④After the treatment, Th17% and Th17/Treg in the treatment group were increased (P<0.01), there was statistical difference as compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Jinshuibao capsule combined with tiotropium bromide powder for inhalation had clear efficacy in improving patient's clinical symptoms and pulmonary function in stable COPD. The mechanism may be achieved by adjusting peripheral Th17/Treg ratio and improving patient's immune function.

Abstract:Objective: To study the clinical efficacy of the activating blood to resolve stasis herbs on patients with severe cerebral infarction (SCI) and to provide guidance for the future clinical treatment. Method: Sixty-four intensive care unit(ICU) patients with SCI were randomized into the control group(30 mg edaravone injection dissolved in 250 mL normal saline, intravenous drip, twice daily for 2 weeks)and the observation group(the traditional Chinese medicine compound of activating blood to resolve stasis, decoction for oral dose twice daily, taken morning and evening for 2 weeks)of 32 patients per group. The national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) score and Glasgow coma score (GCS), blood rheology index adverse reactions in the two groups were observed and compared after the treatment. Result: Compared with the control group, the total effective rate was significantly increased (90.6% vs 68.8%, P<0.05), the NIHSS score (15.7±5.4 vs 22.8±5.8) was significantly decreased and the GCS (14.5±0.8 vs 12.2±0.7) were obviously increased (P<0.05), the whole blood high shear viscosity (2.2±0.1 vs 3.5±0.2) mPa· s, the whole blood low shear viscosity (4.1±0.2 vs 8.0±0.4) mPa· s, plasma viscosity (1.2±0.1 vs 1.7±0.2) mPa· s were obviously decreased (P<0.05) in the observation group. There were no obvious adverse reactions in the two groups during the treatment period. Conclusion: The treatment of activating blood to resolve stasis herbs has significant efficacy and high safety for SCI. Specially, it could improve the blood flow state, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Abstract:Objective: To explore the mechanisms of Cili powder in delaying the progression of chronic renal failure and against the renal interstitial fibrosis by investigating oxidative stress index, renal fibrosis index, and traditional Chinese medical (TCM) syndrome in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) 3-4 patients. Method: Ninty patients were, divided into treatment group and control group using random number table of 45 patients each group. Patients in both 2 groups received conventional western medicine treatment (for hypertension, hyperkalemia and calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorder control, etc.). The patients in treatment group added Cili powder orally, 20 g twice daily after supper. and the patients in the control group added Niaoduqing particles orally for 3 4-week periods of treatment. Serum creatinine (SCr), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were observed before and after the treatment. The security index of electrolyte, liver function, fecal occult blood, electrocardiogram, etc. were monitored before and after every period of treatment. Result: The Cili powder could reduce the serum creatinine, TGF-β, TNF-α and MDA content, and increase the activity of SOD in CKD 3-4 patients. It also can improve the clinical TCM symptoms with no significant difference as compared with Niaoduqing particle. Furthermore, Cili powder could decrease the reaction of oxidative stress in CKD patients and delay the progress of renal interstitial fibrosis. Conclusion: The Cili powder has definite effect in improving renal interstitial fibrosis, delaying the progress of chronic renal failure, and has high safety. Its mechanisms of action may be related to eliminating oxygen radicals in body.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effect of the treatment on acute lumbar sprain using acupuncture and herbal fomentation. Method: Sixty-six patients were selected according to the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into two groups, treatment group (33 cases), and control group (33 cases). The patients in the treatment group received acupuncture Houxi, Hegu, Weiling and Jingling treatment,and added herbal fomentation during the needle retaining time. The patients in the control group received oral medicine ibuprofen,shexiang Jietong cream external treatment. Result: The total efficiency is 96.97% in the treatment group, of which 29 cases were cured (accounting for 87.88%), and 3 showed some improvement, (accounting for 9.09%). The total efficiency is 72.73% in the control group, of which 21 cases were cured (accounting for 63.64%), and 3 showed some improvement (accounting for 9.09%). The results in the treatment group were better than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with herbal fomentation has obvious effect on acute lumbar sprain heat.

Abstract:Objective: To study the clinical efficacy and safety of the treatment of mizolastine combined with total glucosides of paeony for chronic urticaria, and to provide guidance for the future clinical treatment. Method: Eighty-four patients with chronic urticaria were randomized into the control group (10 mg mizolastine, once evening for 4 weeks) and the observation group (based on the control group, added 600 mg total glucosides of paeony capsules, twice daily for 4 weeks) of 42 patients per group. The clinical efficacy, recurrence rate and adverse reactions in the two groups were observed and compared according to the symptom score decreased index (SSRI). Result: Compared with the control group, the effective rate was significantly increased (90.5% vs 71.4%, P<0.05), the recurrence rate was obviously reduced (42.9% vs 71.4%, P<0.05), the SSRI scores were significantly decreased after treatment (0.7±0.2 vs 1.3±0.4, P<0.05), the serum IgE levels were significantly reduced after treatment[(82.5±13.6) vs (102.9±14.3) U·mL^-1, P<0.05] in the observation group. There were no obvious adverse reactions in the two groups during the treatment period. Conclusion: The treatment of mizolastine combined with total glucosides of paeony has significant efficacy and high safety for chronic urticaria, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Abstract:Based on a systematic search for the herbal nature of Sargassum in classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) books < Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica >, < Appendant Records of Famous Physicians > and < Extrinsic Materia Medica >, the compatibility of Sargassum was concluded in books < Surgery Authority >, < Standards for Diagnosis and Treatment > and < Golden Mirror of Medicine > and the medication feature, compatibility law, clinical application regularity of Sargassum was summarized. The results showed that S. pallidum and S.fusiforme had been listed as ‘Haizao’ since the 1963 version of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, other seaweeds, most of which belong to the Sargassum genus, were used as ‘Haizao’ in different regions in China. It was often a difficult task to identify these Sargassum species. The processing methods were different in classical TCM books. Sargassum was washed quickly and cut into sections according to the modern processing method. The medicinal characteristics of Sargassum were bitter, salty and cold, which were similar in classical TCM books. Sargassum was used to treat goiter, scrofula, swelling and pain of testes, oedema due to retention of phlegm and morbid fluids. < Discussion on Property of Materia Medica > stated that Sargassum was little toxic, which was different from other ancient Chinese medicinal books. Sargassum was used to treat various diseases such as goiter, scrofula, edema, beriberi and difficult urination clinically. The contraindications of Sargassum indicated that it should not be used excessively. The pregnant women should avoid using it. People who were weak, deficiency in spleen and stomach should use it carefully. In addition, Sargassum and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were incompatible herbs based on TCM documents. The review of the resource, processing, clinical application and contraindications of Sargassum is the foundation for the modern research. The results would have guiding significance for the clinical application, pharmacodynamic and pharmacological study of Sargassum.

Abstract:To control the quality of extracting of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction, and to ensure the safety and effectiveness of TCM. The research on the TCM prescription compatibility and boiling specification was conducted based on digital system. A new function module was add to the existing digital system of TCM decoction. A standard database for rational drug use was innovatively set up, and the prescription information and coercion of boiling procedure were put into the digital system. The corresponding algorithm of warning was investigated, the compiled software code was written, and hospital information system(HIS) hospital data interface was completed. The problem of medicine decoction of rational use was being solved in digital way in hospital. This would improve the competitiveness of Chinese medicine hospitals. Firthermore, it could play a strong demonstration for other studies in rational use of drug.