Abstract:Objective: To study powder properties of Faeces Trogopterori and investigate relativity between powder properties and in vitro dissolution behavior. Method: Faeces Trogopterori was crushed by vibration type low temperature ultrafine pulverizer, sampling every 3 min, particle size, specific surface area and porosity of samples were detected;With the content of total flavonoids as index, in vitro dissolution rate of Faeces Trogopterori powder was investigated, relativity between powder properties and in vitro dissolution behavior was analyzed. Result: With increasing grinding time, particle size decreased, specific surface area and in vitrodissolution rate increased;Powder size and in vitro dissolution rate had a good correlation.Grinding time of Faeces Trogopterori selected 21 min, but particle size of d_0.9 should choose was about 100 μm. Conclusion: After low-temperature ultrafine ground of Faeces Trogopterori, particle morphology and structurewas uniform with high dissolution rate, which was helpful forits subsequent evaluation of preparation process and quality control.

Abstract:Objective: To establish a determination method of total triterpenoids in bark of Schefflera octophylla and optimize its extraction technology. Method: Vanillin-perchloric acid-concentrated sulfuric acid method was adopted to determine the content of total triterpenoids with detection wavelength of 540 nm.Based on single-factor tests, L₉(3⁴) orthogonal test was designed to investigate effects of solid-liquid ratio, extracting time and times on extraction technology by taking yield of total triterpenoids as index. Result: With oleanolic acid as the reference substance, there was a good linear relationship in 0.083 2-0.280 02 mg, the average recovery was 99.36%.Optimal extraction process was as follows:extracted thrice with 10 times the amount of water, 1 h for each time;Under these conditions, average extraction ratio of total triterpenoids was 2.94% with RSD of 0.5%. Conclusion: This established method for determination of total triterpenoids was stable and reliable, optimized extraction technology was reasonable and feasible, which could provide theoretical basis for development of effective parts from bark of S. octophylla.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize ultrasound extraction technology of total saponins from Asparagus officinalis. Method: With the content of total saponins as index, effects of ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic time and temperature on extraction technology were investigated by single factor tests and Box-Behnken response surface methodology. Result: Optimum ultrasound extraction technology was as following:ultrasonic extracted 54 min with 15 times the amount of 74% ethanol at 50 ℃;Under these conditions, the average mass fraction of total saponins was 13.059%, which was wery close to the predicted value of 13.185%. Conclusion: This optimized technology was stable and feasible to provide a basis for development and application of total saponins in A. officinalis.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize semi-bionic extraction technology of compound Tianma Gouteng orally disintegrating tablets. Method: With composite score of gastrodin, rhomotoxine, paeoniflorin and ferulic acid extraction amounts as index, L₉(3⁴) orthogonal test was adopted to investigate effects of the amount of water, extracting time and temperature on semi-bionic extraction technology.HPLC was used to determine contents of gastrodin, paeoniflorin and ferulic acid, mobile phase were acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid(3:97), acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid(14:86) and acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid(17:83), detection wavelength were 220, 230 and 316 nm, respectively;The content of rhomotoxine was determined by UV. Result: Optimum extraction technology was as follows:extracted 2 h with 12 times the amount of water at 60 ℃;Total extraction amounts of gastrodin, rhomotoxine, paeoniflorin and ferulic acid in five times the amount of prescriptions medicines were 0.479, 1.276, 4.802 and 0.061 g, respectively. Conclusion: This optimized extraction process was stable and feasible, which was suitable for industrial production of compound Tianma Gouteng orally disintegrating tablets.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize ultrafine grinding process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Method: Taking feeding amount, moisture content and grinding time as independent variables, average particle size as dependent variable, Box-Behnken response surface methodology was adopted to optimizeultrafine grinding process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, its powder properties and hygroscopicity before and after smashed were investigated. Result: Optimum ultrafine grinding process was as follows:feeding amount1.3 kg, moisture content 4%, grinding time 19 min;Deviation between the predicted value(18.357 7 μm) and the measured value(19.187 μm) of average particle size was only 4.5%.Response angles of ordinary and ultrafine powder were (49.4±0.03) and (50.2±0.02) °, bulk densities were (0.429±0.003) and (0.363±0.005) g·mL^-1, tap densities were (0.609±0.05) amd (0.556±0.10) g·mL^-1, moisture equilibrium times were about 80 h. Conclusion: Optimized ultrafine grinding process was reasonable and feasible, preparation technology of ultrafine powder of Chuanxiong Rhizoma should add flow aid and other auxiliary materials in order to improve fluidity of powder, ultrafine grinding process should strictly control humidity.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize processing technology of pyrolusitum. Method: Taking the content of MnO₂ as index, orthogonal test was designed to optimize processing technology of pyrolusitum with processing temperature, the amount of vinegar and processing time as factors.Effects of processing technology on the content of MnO₂ and microscopic morphology of pyrolusitum before and after processed were investigated. Result: The best processing technology of pyrolusitum were identified as calcining for forty min under temperature of 700 ℃ with vinegar amount of 20%;Under these conditions, the mass fraction of MnO₂ in crude and processed products were (6.13±0.50)% and (7.35±3.27)%, respectively;Compared with crude products, after vinegar quenched of pyrolusitum, its transparent crystals number increased which could be observed under an optical microscope, appearance of crytals showed a lump or kidney shaped. Conclusion: This optimized technology was stable and feasible, which could provide a reference for criterion of processing technology of pyrolusitum.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize purification process of gossypol from Gossypium herbaceum by macroporous adsorption resin. Method: Static and dynamic adsorption/desorption tests for gossypol were carried out to select proper macroporous resin, single factor test was adopted to select elution rate, other purification parameters were optimized by orthogonal test, such as pH of sample solution, ethanol concentration and so on. Result: H-103 resin was selected as the best one among 13 different resins, optimal process was determinded as follows:the concentration of gossypol in loading solution 90 mg·L^-1 with pH of 7, the concentration of ethnol in loading solution 40% and in eluting solution 80%;Purity of gossypol was enhanced from 6.2% in extract to 83.6% in eluant with transfer rate of 76.7%.After evaporation and recycle of solvent, then gossypol was obtained by recrystallization in a mixture solvent of acetone-acitic acid. Conclusion: H-103 resin was suitable for purification of gossypol from G. herbaceum.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize purification process of total organic acids from roots of Aralia cordata. Method: The content of total organic acids was determined by acid-base titration.With purity and transferring rate of total organic acids as indexes, combining with organic solvent extraction and acid-base method, effects of extraction solvents, reagent for alkalization and its concentration, alkalinizing times and pH of acid settling on purification process of total organic acids were investigated by single factor tests. Result: Optimum purification technology was selected as follows:extracted four times with two-fold volume of petroleum ether, 1.0% KOH as alkalization reagent, three times for alkalization, pH 1 of acid settling by hydrochloric acid, extracted three times with petroleum ether after acid settling;Under these purification conditions, purity of total organic acids increased from 14.71% in extract to 65.08% with transferring rate of 76.17%. Conclusion: This purification process was stable and feasible, which could provide experimental evidence for comprehensive utilization of A. cordata resources.

Abstract:Objective: To compare purification effect of Qingxiao oral liquid with membrane separation technology and alcohol precipitation method. Method: HPLC was adopted to determine the content of baicalin in Qingxiao oral liquid with mobile phase of methanol(A)-0.05% phosphoric acid solution(B) gradient elution(0-10 min, 30%A;10-30 min, 30%-50%A;30-45 min, 50%-80%A) and detection wavelength at 280 nm, differences of dry extract yield, content and retention rate of baicalin between membrane separation samples and alcohol precipitation samples were investigated. Result: Retention rates of baicalin in membrane separation and alcohol precipitation samples were 92.01% and 72.79%, the amount of dry extract were 4.14 and 2.48 g, respectively. Conclusion: Retention rate of effective ingredient(baicalin) with membrane separation method was higher than alcohol precipitation method, but the latter had a better capacity by comparing with the former, appearance of samples had no significant difference in the observation period.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize extraction process of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus tissue culture materials. Method: UV was adopted to determine the content of total alkaloids with detection wavelength at 415 nm.With the content of total alkaloids as index, extraction method was selected by single factor test, orthogonal design was used to investigate effects of the concentration and amount of ethanol, extraction time and frequance on extracting process. Result: Reflux method was selected to extract Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus tissue culture materials, optimal extracting process was as follows:extracted twice with 6 times the amount of 85% ethanol, 1.5 hours for each time;Extraction amount of total alkaloids was 0.197 g·g^-1. Conclusion: This technology was stable and feasible, which could be as preparation process of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus tissue culture materials extract.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize purification process of total flavonoids in Aurantii Fructus Immaturus by macroporous resin. Method: Independent variables were adsorption time, ethanol concentration and eluent volume, while dependent variables was adsorption-elution rate of total flavonoids, central composite design-response surface methodology was adopted to optimize purification technology on the basis of single factor tests. Result: AB-8 macroporous resin was selected, optimum purification process were as follows:added 0.6 BV of sample solution with concentration of 3.5 g·L^-1 and pH 6.0, sample rate 1 BV·h^-1, adsorption time 77 min, water consumption 1 BV, elution rate of 2 BV·h^-1, eluted with 2.4 BV of 88% ethanol.Adsorption-elution rate of total flavonoids was up to 93.0%, which had a small deviation with the predicted value of 92.4%. Conclusion: Optimized purification technology was stable and feasible with high predictability.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize extraction process of Chrysanthemi Flos. Method: Based on single factor test, taking extracting time, ethanol concentration and amount as independent variables, overall desirability(OD) of yield of luteolin, apigenin and chlorogenic acid as dependent variable, Box-Behnken response surface methodology was applied to optimize extraction conditions. Result: Optional extraction process was as follows:extracted 110 min with 12 times the amount of 80% ethanol;Average yields of luteolin, apigenin and chlorogenic acid were 1.64%, 0.94% and 3.95%, respectively, deviation between the measured value(0.979 6) and the predicted value(0.981 6) of OD was 0.204%. Conclusion: This optimized extaction technology was simple and reliable with high predictability.

Abstract:Objective: To establish a method for the determination of aconitine, mesaconitine and bullatine A in Aconitine brachypdum. Method: A C₁₈ column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used at 30 ℃ with methanol-0.01% triethylamine (73:27) as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1 and UV detection wavelength was set at 240 nm. Result: The average recovery of three alkaloids was 98.88%(RSD 0.86%), 98.68%(RSD 0.48%), and 98.94%(RSD 0.65%) respectively. Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate and reproducible, which can be used in the content determination of three alkaloids in A. brachypdum and provide a more reasonable reference to control the quality of A. brachypdum.

Abstract:Objective: To establish quality standards of Baogan Jiangzhi granules. Method: TLC was used to identify Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Cyperi Rhizoma and Rhizoma Wenyujin Concisum in Baogan Jiangzhi granules.HPLC was adopted to determine contents of chlorogenic acid and salvianolic acid B with mobile phase of acetonitrile(A)-0.5% formic acid(B) gradient elution(0-10 min, 10%A;10-20 min, 10%-15%A;20-30 min, 15%-20%A;30-53 min, 20%-30%A;53-60 min, 30%~10%A), detection wavelength of these two ingredients were 327 and 286 nm, respectively. Result: Established TLC had clear spots without interference of the negative control sample.Linear ranges of chlorogenic acid and salvianolic acid B were 0.050 8-0.571 5 and 0.326-3.26 μg, average recoveries were 100.56%(RSD 2.00%) and 100.50%(RSD 1.59%), respectively. Conclusion: These methods was accurate and specific, which were suitable for quality control of Baogan Jiangzhi granules.

Abstract:Objective: To establish a method to determine the content of ginsenoside Rg₁, ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rb₁ in Shenmai injection by ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC). Method: ACQUITY^® UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm)was used with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A)-0.05% phosphoric acid solution (B) by gradient elution (0-5 min, 19%A;5-12 min, 19%-28%A;12-18 min, 28%-40%A) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min^-1;the wavelength of detector was 203 nm. Result: Ginsenoside Rg₁, ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rb₁had good linearity within the range of 0.020 96-0.209 6, 0.017 64-0.176 4, 0.023 88-0.238 8 g·L^-1 respectively. The average recoveries(n=6)were 100.12%, 100.08%, 99.51% and RSDs were 1.60%, 2.03%, 1.15% respectively. Conclusion: UPLC method may greatly improve the separation efficiency and analysis speed in the case of ginsenoside Rg₁, ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rb₁ in Shenmai injection while reducing the solvent consumption. As an alternative of conventional HPLC, UPLC is more convenient, rapid, accurate and excellent repeatability.

Abstract:Objective: To determine the inorganic elements of 20 batches of Fructus Arctii by microwave digestion-ICP-AES. Method: Samples were digested by nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The content of 26 elements in Fructus Arctii was determined by ICP-AES, a blank experiment was made at the same time. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the quality of different batches of Fructus Arctii. Result: Fructus Arctii contained more than 12 inorganic elements and the content of six elements, including K, Al, Fe, S, Zn, Cu was higher. PCA with four factors (F₁, F₂, F₃, F₄) selected could be used to evaluate the quality of Fructus Arctii. The function was following F=0.298 74F₁+0.257 56F₂+0.144 49F₃+0.135 19F₄.The samples from Zhejiang, Hebei and Jilin provinces were the top three which indicated the quality in those regions were better based on inorganic elements. Conclusion: This method is fast, simple and accurate. All the results can provide a scientific basis for the quality analysis and comprehensive utilization of Fructus Arctii.

Abstract:Objective: Using the multi-wavelength high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) for testing 10 Scrophulariae Radix samples from Zhejiang Panan, Hubei Enshi, ect. To provide a new method for scientific evaluation and effective control of its quality, and establish the multi-wavelength HPLC fingerprinting of Scrophulariae Radix from different places. Method: Chromatographic conditions:Thermo C₁₈ column, gradient elution was applied with acetonitrile and 0.1% methane acid as the mobile-phase. Ultraviolet (UV) was used combined with multiple wavelength to detect the chromatographic peaks that cannot be displayed in the same channel. The wavelength timetable was as follows, from 0 to 5 min the wavelength was 230 nm;from 5 to 13 min was 210 nm;from 13 to 23 min was 320 nm;from 23 to 50 min was 278 nm. The flow rate was 1 mL·min^-1 and the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. Result: A HPLC fingerprinting pattern was set up based on multi-wavelength combined with UV, which demarcated 25 commom peaks and confirmed 6 peaks. The index similarty of those Scrophulariae Radix fingerprinting which analysised through similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM (Version 2004 A) were all greater than 0.90. Conclusion: The approach of multi-wavelength HPLC will help to differentiate and evaluate the quality of Scrophulariae Radix. The method is highly sensitive, characteristic peaks of large quantity, chromatographic large amount of information that will help evaluate the quality of Scrophulariaceae Radix.

Abstract:Objective: The polysaccharide was separated and purified from Paederia scandens for antibacterial polysaccharide in vivo. Method: The crude polysaccharides were separated and purified by column chromatography, and then the homogeneous polysaccharides were identified by gel column chromatography and polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. Their structure was analyzed by GC and IR. The activities of polysaccharides were studied by antibacterial model in vivo. Result: Two kinds of homogeneous polysaccharides, PSP2a and PSP2b, were obtained from P. scandens. PSP2a were consisted of glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and arabinose in the molar ratio of 4.92:3.23:1.00:1.73:3.50.PSP2b were consisted of arabinose, galactose and glucose in the molar ratio of 1.00:0.73:1.80.PSP2a and PSP2b mainly contained furanose. The antibacterial model in vivo indicated that PSP, PSP2 and PSP2a could protect mice infected with the resistant strain of P. scandens, and protection of PSP2a was best. Conclusion: The antibacterial component among polysaccharides from P. scandens was mainly PSP2a.

Abstract:Objective: Study on volatile oil composition and relative content of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Z. armatum from different origin. Method: The volatile oil was extracted by steam-stilling. The chemical constituents of the volatile oil were detected and analyzed by GC-MS-AMDIS combing with Kováts retention index. Result: A total of 86 compounds in the essential oils of eight batches were identified. The highest level compound of two batches of Z. bungeanum from Sichuan is linalool, which represented 36.25% and 30.91%, respectively. The highest level compound of two batches of Z. bungeanum from Shaanxi is limonene, which represented 15.63% and 17.23%, respectively. The highest level compound of Z. armatum is linalool, accounting for 71.74%-75.03%. Conclusion: The volatile oil of Z. bungeanum and Z. armatum is significantly different;Z. bungeanum, which come from Sichuan and Shaanxi may belong to two different chemical types.

Abstract:Objective: Fingerprint analysis of chemical constituents of Marsdenia Tenacissima. Method: With the use of HPLC, TC-C₁₈ column(4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm), acetonitrile-water was used as the mobile phase with gradient elution, detection wavelength at 210 nm, flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1, temperature of column at 25 ℃. Result: The fingerprint of M. tenacissima was established using ZP-7tenacigenin B [11α-O-(2-methylbutyryl)-12β-O-acetyltenacigenin B] as reference substance. 17 common peaks were identified. The precision and repeatability of the relative retention time RSD were less than 3%, each producing area in the chromatogram of common peak area was more than 90%. 10 batches of similarity were between 0.75-0.98, there were some differences. Conclusion: The method is accurate and reproducible, which can provide the basis for quality evaluation and quality control of M. tenacissima, also lay the foundation for further development of M. tenacissima.

Abstract:Objective: To study the content of matrine and oxymatrine in Radix Sophorae Subprostrata of different growing years. Method: HPLC was adopted, the separation was performed on a welch materials XB-C₁₈ column, acetonitrile-0.08% triethylamine(12:88) was used as the mobile phase, the flow rate was 0.8 mL·min^-1, detection wavelength was set at 220 nm with temperature at 25 ℃. Result: The diversity of the content of matrine and oxymatrine in Radix Sophorae Subprostrata of different growing years was great. The ingredients in 1-2 years of Radix Sophorae Subprostrata were in the lower levels, the ingredients in 3 years increased significantly and the ingredients in over 3 years had stable change. Conclusion: The changing rules of matrine and oxymatrine provide scientific basis for the collecting years.

Abstract:Objective: To determine the content of 4-cholesten-3-one and cholesterol in Oviductus Ranae by HPLC at the same time. Method: Agilent TC-C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (91.5:8.5). The column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. The volumetric flow rate was set at 1.0 mL·min^-1. The UV detector was set at 215 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. Result: 4-cholesten-3-one was linear in the content range of 0.011 65-0.116 5 μg;the average recovery was 100.0%, RSD 1.83%. Cholesterol was linear in the content range of 2.282-22.82 μg;the average recovery was 99.3%, RSD 1.19%. Conclusion: The method, which is fast, accurate and stable, can simultaneously determine the content of 4-cholesten-3-one and cholesterol in Ranae Oviductus.

Abstract:Objective: To determine the petals, stems, roots planted content Rhodiola different medicinal parts。Method: Each 1 g sample is dissolved after 60% ethanol, ultrasonic cleaner cleaning 50 min, filtered, rotary evaporated, add 2 mL of methanol, microporous filter membrane (0.45 μm) filter using CAPCELL PAK C₁₈ column ((2.0 mm× 150 mm, i.d., 3 μm ), column temperature 30 ℃, wavelength 278 nm, sample temperature 10 ℃, injection volume of 10 μL. The mobile phase was methanol-1% acetic acid solution 45:55, flow rate of 1 mL·min^-1 for quantitative analysis. Result: The effective parts of salidroside content in the order of the petals (35.00 mg), root (18.89 mg), stems (1.59 mg). Conclusion: A detection of salidroside content in Rhodiola rosea was established by high performance liquid chromatography. It can be applied to the analysis on the salidroside in the different medicinal materials.

Abstract:Objective: To establish a quantitative method of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) for determining of seven flavonoids for the improvement of the quality control of Ginkgo biloba extract, as well as ensure the accuracy and feasibility of the method apply to G. biloba extract. Method: With the typical composition quercetin as the indexes, the relative correction factors(RCF) between the quercetin and the other six flavonoids were established to detect the quantitation of quercetin and calculate the quantitation of the other six constituents. The external standard method was used for quantitating the seven constituents, and contrasted calculated value with estimated value by Pearson correlation coefficient. Result: Calculated value and estimated value did not make significant difference on QAMS and external standard method. And it showed that the RCF was authentic. Conclusion: In the case of lacking reference substance, the quantitation of quercetin could be detected. It is feasible for taking advantage of the RCF to quantitate seven flavonoids.

Abstract:Objective: To establish a HPLC method for the determination of the content of ophiopogonin D' in Zengye decoction. Method: The Diamonsil^TMC₁₈(4.6 mm×200 mm, 5 μm)was used at 33 ℃.The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of water-actonitrile(52:48) at a flow rate of 0.80 mL·min^-1, the detection wavelength was set at 208 nm. Result: The calibration curve was linear within the ranges of 0.018-0.180 g·L^-1 (r=0.999 9) for ophiopogonin D'.The average recovery of ophiopogonin D'was 99.4% (RSD 0.73%, n=9). Conclusion: This method is simple, accurate.It can be used for the quality control of Zengye decoction.

Abstract:Objective: To establish the methods of quality control for self-microemulsifying granule of Brucea Javanica Oil. Method: According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the quality of preparation was estimated. The HPLC method was used to determine the content of oleic acid and linoleic acid. The product was analyzed by HPLC, using Venusil XBP-NH₂column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), with methanol-water (95:5) as the mobile phase, the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1 and the detection wavelength of 242 nm. Result: The quality of preparation accorded with Chinese Pharmacopoeia regulation. The calibration curve showed good linearity over the range of 0.004 362-0.043 62 g·L^-1 for oleic acid;the average recovery was 98.04%. The calibration curve showed good linearity over the range of 0.000 912-0.009 14 g·L^-1 for linoleic acid;the average recovery was 101.60%. The content method is convenient, accurate and reduplicative. Conclusion: TLC and HPLC methods are simple, accurate and fast, which could be used effectively for the quality control of self-microemulsifying granule of Brucea Javanica Oil.

Abstract:Objective: To establish a HPLC method for determination of the content of imperatorin and isoimperatorin in Fengshiding capsule. Method: Hypersil ODS2 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) was used. The methanol-water (62:38) was used as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min^-1, the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The column temperature was set at room temperature. The injection volume was 20 μL. Result: The linear range of imperatorin was 1.064-31.92 mg·L^-1 (r=0.999 7). The linear range of isoimperatorin was 1.090-32.70 mg·L^-1 (r=0.999 3). The average recovery of imperatorin was 100.2% (n=9), RSD 1.47%. The average recovery of isoimperatorin was 100.0% (n=9), RSD 1.64%. Conclusion: The method is simple, sensitive, and accurate for the quality control of Fengshiding capsule.

Abstract:Objective: To study the alkaloids constituents of Sophora tonkinensis var. polyphylla. Method: Sephadex LH-20, slica column chromatography and recrystallization were used to isolate and purify the alkaloidal constituents from S. tonkinensis var. polyphylla. Then infrared spectra(IR), mass spectra(MS), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and other physicochemical methods were used to identify the chemical structures of the alkaloids constituents. Result: The structures of alkaloids were identified as:sophocarpine(1), matrine(2), 5α-hydroxymatrine(3), 9α-hydroxymatrine(4), 12α-hydroxysophocarpine(5), oxysophocarpine(6), oxymatrine(7), and cytisine(8), respectively. Conclusion: All of the alkaloids were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of the sponge Plakortis simplex from the south China sea. Method: Column chromatography on silica gel, reversed-phase silica gel (ODS), Sephadex LH-20 and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to study the chemical constituents of the sponge P. simplex collected from the south China sea. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical and spectral analysis. Result: Seven compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of P. simplex, and their structures were identified as (22E)-5α, 8α-epidioxyergosta-6, 22-dien-3β-ol (1), indole-3-carboxylic acid (2), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3), monotriaj-aponide A (4), methyl(2Z, 6R, 8R, 9E)-3, 6-epoxy-4, 6, 8-triethyl-2, 4, 9-dodec-atrienoate (5), methyl(2Z, 6R, 8S)-3, 6-epoxy-4, 6, 8-triethyldodeca-2, 4-dienoate (6), methyl (2Z, 6R, 8S)-4, 6-diethyl-3, 6-epoxy-8-methye(7). Conclusion: 7 compounds were isolated from P. simplex for the first time.

Abstract:Objective: To study the Physalis Calyx Seu Fructus microscopic characteristics and formulate standard of microscopic identification. Method: The calyx, peduncle, peel, seed of Physalis Calyx Seu Fructus production by FAA fixed, fixed liquid paraffin wax production method; The Physalis Calyx Seu Fructus powder production method of chloral hydrate through, dilute glycerin sealing method. The main structure and microscopic characteristics of powder were observed and taken pictures by the OLYMPUS DP72 optical microscopy. Result: The Physalis Calyx Seu Fructus materials of every part tissue section of no less than five tickets, for 10 batches of Physalis Calyx Seu Fructus powder microscopic characteristics of samples was observed, the characteristics of clear, conform to the requirements of the microscopic identification. Conclusion: Provide a reference for the standard of the Physalis Calyx Seu Fructus microscopic identification.

Abstract:Objective: Corn silk and cob were fermented by Ganoderma lucidum with two-way pattern solid-state fermentation technique and produced new substance, the active compositions were investigated. Method: The optimal ratio of medium was selected according to the changes of polysaccharides and triterpene after fermented. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were established using UV, TLC and HPLC. Result: Ganoderma lucidum was fermented in the media of corn silk and corn cob at 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 0:1 ratio respectively. The content of polysaccharides increased and the content of triterpene decreased in turn. The result of TLC demonstrated that the color of TLC spot changed from red into blue-green fluorescence after fermentation, and the spot became brighter with increasing proportion of corn silk. The result of HPLC exhibited that some peaks of G. lucidum became weak or disappeared, and some new peaks were found. Conclusion: The new medical fungal substance grew best and contained the highest content of active components with the medium containing corn silk-corn cob (1:5), and the composition of the fungal substance changed significantly after fermentation.

Abstract:Objective: To obtain pharmacokinetics parameters of geniposide in pure geniposide, Gardeniae Fructus(ZZ), ZZ-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex(HB), ZZ-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(GC) and Zhili Bopi decoction(ZZBPD) and to investigate the effect of the different recipes of ZZBPD on the pharmacokinetics of geniposide. Method: Thirty rats were randomly divided into five groups, and were administered pure geniposide, ZZ, ZZ-HB, ZZ-GC and ZZBPD, respectively. The plasma concentration of four recipes at 0.08, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 h were determined by HPLC, and the pharmacokinetics parameters of geniposide in these recipes were consequently computed by software program 3P97. Result: The differences of the predominant parameters of geniposide in rat plasma of the five groups were considered to be noticeable (P<0.05). Compared to administration of geniposide alone, the pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC_0-t, AUC_0-∞, T_1/2) were remarkably enhanced following oral administration of ZZ, ZZ-HB, ZZ-GC, ZZBPD. The C_max, T_1/2, AUC_0-t and AUC_0-∞ of ZZBPD were remarkably enhanced compared to other four groups. The AUC_0-t, AUC_0-∞, T_1/2 of ZZ-HB, ZZ-GC and ZZBPD were higher than ZZ. The T_max of ZZ-GC and ZZBPD were longer than ZZ and ZZ-HB. Conclusion: Different recipes of ZZBPD had different impact on the pharmacokinetics of geniposide. The bioavailability of geniposide in decoctions were higher than in monomer and the bioavailability of geniposide in ZZBPD was higher than other groups. It can be deduced that herb-herb interaction may increase the absorption, delay the elimination, and significantly improve the oral bioavailability of geniposide in rats.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate different plasma protein binding rates of pulsatilla saponin D. Method: HPLC and equilibrium dialysis method were adopted to determine plasma protein binding rates of pulsatilla saponin D in bovine serum, human and rat plasma, COSMOSIL 5C₁₈-MS-Ⅱ column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was employed with mobile phase of methanol-water-formic acid(80:20:0.02) and detection wavelength at 203 nm. Result: Plasma protein binding rates of pulsatilla saponin D at three various concentrations (0.06, 0.11, 0.25 g·L^-1) were (78.45±0.89)%, (77.61±1.14)%, (77.16±0.29)% in bovine serum albumin, they were (68.91±0.54)%, (67.68±0.87)%, (67.88±0.71)% in human plasma and (78.15±0.76)%, (78.61±0.97)%, (78.24±0.93)% in rat plasma, respectively. Conclusion: This method for determining plasma protein binding rates of pulsatilla saponin D was simple, stable and reliable.Pulsatilla saponin D was a drug with moderate plasma protein binding rate, which did not have concentration-dependent manner.

Abstract:Objective: To compare the the effects of Ermiao Fang (EM) with different medicinal guides in osteoarthritis(OA) rats, and explore the related mechanism. Method: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, model, EM (1.6 g·kg^-1·d^-1), EM plus Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (1.6 g·kg^-1·d^-1+0.3 g·kg^-1·d^-1) and EM plus Asari Radix et Rhizoma (1.6 g·kg^-1·d^-1+0.3 g·kg^-1·d^-1), evenly 12 in each group. Except the sham group, underwent surgical destabilization (anterior cruciate ligament transection and partial medial meniscectomy) of the right knee to induce OA.Meanwhile distilled water and corresponding drugs were administrated by gavage respectively, and materials were drawn at the third and sixth week. To observe the histopathological changes of knee articular cartilage and synovium by HE staining. And Chondrocytes apoptosis was tested by TUNEL assay. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were measured by immunohistochemical assay. Interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in serum were detected by ELISA or radioimmunoassay. Result: Compared with the sham group, the pathological score of articular cartilage and synovium and the chondrocytes apoptosis rate in the model guoup were higher (P<0.01), and it was decreased MMP-13 and augmented TIMP-1 expression in the cartilage, and the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NO and iNOS in serum were rised. Compared with the model group, the EM could obviously improve the articular cartilage andsynovial lesions, reduce the apoptosis of cartilage cells, and reduce the level of TNF-α in serum at the third week. At the sixth week, it obviously decreased MMP-13 and augmented TIMP-1 expression in the cartilage, inhibited release of IL-1β, NO and iNOS. Compared with the EM group, the medicinal guide groups could further improve the joint pathology, reduce the cartilage cell apoptosis (P<0.01), regulate the expression of MMP-13 and TIMP-1(P<0.05), and reduce the levels of the inflammatory cytokines. Especially at EM plus with Angelicae Pubescentis Radix group, it could significantly decrease the Makin score from the third week(P<0.05), and improve the inhibition levels of the synovium and IL-1β, TNF-α of the EM group at the sixth week. Conclusion: The EM could slow the pathological process in osteoarthritis rat model. Combined with Angelicae Pubescentis Radix or Asari Radix et Rhizoma, it could further improve the curative effect with different levels. Especially, the effect of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix was more remarkable. And the mechanism may be related with the reduction of chondrocytes apoptosis, the regulation of MMP-13 and TIMP-1 equilibrium and reducing the inflammatory cytokine.

Abstract:Objective: To synthesize and evaluate anti-tumor activity of oleanolic acid-α-aminophosphonate derivatives. Method: Oleanolic acid-α-aminophosphonate derivatives were synthesized from oleanolic acid, which was treated by acetylation, then the acetylated product was reacted with oxalyl chloride, followed by esterification with α-aminophosphonate under triethylamine to obtain nine target compounds. The structures of these compounds were identified. MTT method was used to assay the anti-tumor activity of synthesized compounds against human lung cancer cell lines A549, human hepatic cell lines HepG-2, human cervical carcinoma cell lines Hela and human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231.The density of cell culture was 2-3×10⁴/mL, the concentration of drug was 50 μmol·L^-1 for 48 hours. Result: These target compounds showed varying degrees of inhibitory activity against tumor cell lines. Compounds 2, 4, 7 and 10 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against human lung tumor cell A549 and human cervical carcinoma Hela (the inhibition rate against A549 was respectively 87.5%, 85.3%, 87.1% and 87.8%;the inhibition rate against Hela was respectively 85.7%, 78.7%, 83.6% and 87.9%). Compounds 2 and 10 showed high inhibitory activity against human breast tumor cell MDA-MB-231 (the inhibition rate was respectively 82.0% and 88.1%). Conclusion: These oleanolic acid-α-aminophosphonate derivatives exhibited varying degrees of inhibitory activity against tumor cell lines. The compounds with ortho-substituted by halogen in phenyl ring showed better inhibitory activity.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effect of the Shenqi Yixin Fang on cardiac function, plasma angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) of chronic heart failure(CHF) rats. Method: Ninty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups:normal control group, model group, enalapril control group, the Qili Qiangxin control group, the low dose of Shenqi Yixin Fang group(16.96 g·kg^-1·d^-1), the high dose of Shenqi Yixin Fang group(33.92 g·kg^-1·d^-1). Doxorubicin was used to induce CHF models, and the modelling rats were given drug intervention for 4 weeks.The echocardiography was used to measure cardiac function, plasma AngⅡ and TNF-α were measured by radioimmunoassay. Result: In model group the left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVSD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular fractional were shorten compared with normal control group(P<0.05). In treatment group, these indicators were improved compared with modek group (P <0.05). In treatment groups the plasma AngⅡ/TNF-α levels were reduced compared with the model group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The Shenqi Yixin Fang can improve myocardial tissue morphology, inhibit ventricular remodeling and improve cardiac function in CHF rats.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the protective effects of sophoridine, matrine and aloperine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IEC-6 cells inflammatory model. Method: IEC-6 cells were seeded into 12-well plates at the density of 2×10⁵/well and treated with LPS for 12 h. Then, the inflammatory model was constructed by detecting the content of interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). MTT assay was used to determine the activities of aloperine, sophoridine and matrine on LPS-injured IEC-6 cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay(ELISA) was used to detect the content of IL-6 and TNF-α in cell supernatant and Western blotting analysis was employed to detect the protein expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Result: Compared with the control group, levels of IL-6 and TNF-α of inflammatory model group were significantly upregulated. Aloperine, sophoridine and matrine could significantly reduce the cytotoxicities of IEC-6 cells induced by LPS. The cell viabilities were increased from 80.47% to 91.96%, 92.40% and 97.23% after sophoridine, matrine and aloperine treatment at the concentration of 100 μmol·L^-1, respectively. Moreover, ELISA and Western blotting analysis results demonstrated that these compounds could attenuate the content and expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. Conclusion: Aloperine, sophoridine and matrine exhibit anti-inflammatory effects though decreasing the activities of IL-6 and TNF-α. Among them, aloperine shows the best activities.

Abstract:Objective: To study the effect and mechanism of ginsenosides Rb₁ on memory impairment of type 2 diabetes. Method: C57BL mice were as normal control group and Kkay mice with high blood sugar as model l group. The model mice were divided into positive group and composite group with high, middle and low dose. The positive group was treated with Rosiglitazone maleate tablets(0.003 g·kg^-1)ig, and composite group was given the same Rosiglitazone tablets and ginsenosides Rb₁ (0.06, 0.03, 0.015 g·kg^-1) ig. After Morris water mazeimmunohistochemistry was used to assay 1-phosphatidy linosital 3-kinase(PI-3K)/Akt, and Western blotting was used to detect glycogen synthase kinase-3β GSK-3β, and p-Tau and insulin receptor(INSR) level. Result: INSR levels were almost the same in every group.Compared with normal control group, model group had more active PI-3K/Akt and lower GSK-3β and p-Tau level. Howere, compared with control group, there was no significant differences in positive group, while PI-3K/Akt was more active, and GSK-3β and p-Tau was contrary in composite group. Conclusion: Ginsenosides Rb₁ can improve the memory of type 2 diabetes mice, the possible mechanism may be related to improving insulin signaling pathway.

Abstract:Objective: To elucidate the CD11b mRNA expression of brain and spinal cord tissue during the different phrase in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, and to explore the mechanism of Yishen Daluo decoction (YSDLD) on EAE. Method: C57BL/6 mice were immunized with the MOG_35-55. Mice were divided randomly into normal-group, adjuvant group, EAE-group, prednisone-group, YSDLD-goup. RT-PCR was used to quantify the gene expression levels of immune/inflammatory cell (the monocyte marker CD11b), accumulated in brain and spinal cord tissue of mice at different time points of EAE including pre-onset (on day 7th), onset(on day 14th), peak (on day 24th)and chronic phrase (on day 40th) after immunization. Result: Compared with model group, CD11b mRNA levels in the cerebrum were significantly decreased 40 days after immunization in hormone-treated group and YSDLD-treated group. CD11b mRNA levels in the spinal cord were significantly decreased 14 days after immunization in hormone-treated group. Conclusion: The monocyte is one of potential mediators of EAE. The therapeutic mechanism of YSDLD is to mediate the expression of CD11b on the surface of monocyte.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the impact of Pazufloxacin pill on alcoholic liver injury in rats with peroxisome proliferators activator receptors alphα 1(PPAR-α1), AMP acitvated kinase-α1(AMPK-α1) and explore its protective effect on the liver. Method: The 78 inbred male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, diphenyl dimethyl bicarboxy late(DDB) group, Pazufloxacin pill low, medium and high dose groups 6 groups. Model group, DDB group, Pazufloxacin pill low, medium and high dose groups were given 56% of the Red Star Erguotou wine 10 mL·kg^-1 gavage;given normal saline 10 mL·kg^-1, every morning a second consecutive gavage 12 weeks;to copy ethanol-induced liver injury model. After the modeling, Pazufloxacin pills low, medium and high dose groups were given 10 mL·kg^-1 Pazufloxacin pill suspension gavage, Doses were 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 g·kg^-1;DDB group was given 10 mL·kg^-1suspension drop pills orally, at a dose of 0.003 g·kg^-1;normal control group, model control group were given the same volume of saline, administered once a day in each group, continuous gavage three weeks. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured, and liver tissue PPAR-α1 mRNA, AMPK-α1 mRNA expression levels were detected. Result: Compared with normal group, model group, serum liver wet weight and liver index and ALT, AST, TG, were significantly increased (P<0.05), model group rat liver tissue PPAR-α1 mRNA, AMPK-α1 mRNA was significantly lower (P<0.01). Compared with model group, in Pazufloxacin pill each dose group and the DDB group liver wet weight and liver index and ALT, AST, TG levels were significantly lower (P<0.05);Compared with model group, in Pa beads pill each dose group and DDB group PPAR-α1 mRNA, AMPK-α1 mRNA were significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Pazufloxacin pill can increase the liver tissue PPAR-α1 mRNA, AMPK-α1 mRNA expression.It is pointed that the drugs have a protective effect on treating alcoholic liver disease.

Abstract:Objective: To compare the effect of Buzhong Yiqi decoction serum with small interfering RNA (siRNA)on the multidrug resistance-associated protein(MRP)expression of A549/DDP lung drug resistance cells. Method: Buzhong Yiqi decoction serum was prepared. 18 rats were divided into the blank group (normal saline, 10 mL·kg^-1), high (11.34 g·kg^-1) and low (2.84 g·kg^-1) dose groups of Buzhong Yiqi decoction. At the end of the 3th day serum was obtained. siRNA was used to silence MRP gene into A549/DDP cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot analyses were performed for MRP mRNA, and MRP expression in A549/DDP cells. Cells were randomized into control groups;Buzhong Yiqi decoction lower does groups;Buzhong Yiqi decoction higher does groups, and MRP siRNA groups. Result: This study showed that three treatment groups could significantly decreased the MRP mRNA expression, and the expression of MRP at the level of protein(P<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest the Buzhong Yiqi decoction serum could decrease the expression of MRP in A549/DDP cells, and has similar effect with siRNA-mediated specific gene silencing in A549/DDP cells.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effects of shikimic acid on inducing hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells apoptosis in vitro. Method: The MTT assay was used, and the hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells in logarithmic phase of growth were randomly divided into control group and treatment group treated with the concentration of 0.125, 0.5, 1 g·L^-1 shikimic acid in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells. The cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein expression of B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2(Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated x protein(Bax) was analyzed by immunocytochemical method. Result: Shikimic acid inhibited the growth of cells significantly(P<0.05). The suppression was both in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The flow cytometry showed that shikimic acid can inhibit the proliferation by preventing cells turning into S phase from G₁ phase in cell cycle, at the same time, shikimic acid down-regulated the Bcl-2 expression and up-regulated the Bax expression, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was evident decrease. Conclusion: Shikimic acid can inhibit proliferation hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells and induce a G₁ cell cycle arrest and reduce the cell population in S phase, it may induce apoptosis through decreasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effect of Pabing 2 formula on the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)and the hemeoxygenasel(HO-1) in substantia nigra tissue of Parkinson disease(PD) rats model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA). Method: The rats were stereotaxically injected with 6-OHDA solution into the left striatum in two-site.Rats showed consistently right whirling and the number of rotation was more than 210 r·30 min^-1 induced by APO, then the rat was judged as PD model.Twenty-four modeling rats successfully were randomly divided into four groups:model group, Pabing 2 formula(8.0, 16.0, 32.0 g·kg^-1), at the same time, the normal group and sham group were established and given distilled water at the same volume, all with a course of 4 weeks. The nuclear Nrf2 protein and HO-1 protein levels of the substantia nigra tissue were detected by Western blot, and the mRNA levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were determined with RT-PCR. Result: Compared with sham group, the nuclear Nrf2 protein and HO-1protein in substantia nigra tissue were significant increased(P<0.01), and the mRNA levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased in model group(P<0.01). Compared with model group, the nuclear Nrf2 protein and HO-1 protein in substantia nigra tissue were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the mRNA levels of both Nrf2 and HO-1were also upregulated in Pabing 2 formula low dose group, media dose group and high dose group(P<0.01), Pabing 2 formula high dose group were significantly differences compared with the low dose group and media dose group (P<0.01). Conclusion: After 6-OHDA injection, the Nrf2/HO-1 signal transduction pathway is activated.Pabing 2 formula can enhance antioxidation ability.The underlying mechanism might be associated with activating Nrf2/HO-1 signal transduction pathway, promoting the nuclear Nrf2 protein and Nrf2 mRNA, then advancing the expression of antioxidant gene in the downstream such as HO-1 protein and HO-1 mRNA.The effects were more obvious in Pabing 2 formula high dose group.

Abstract:Objective: To study the effect of ampelopsin on the HSC-T6 cell proliferation rate and the content of collage and cytokine Method: Effect of ampelopsin on the cell (HSC-T6) proliferation rate. High glucose DMEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum was used to prepare HSC-T6 cells 3×10⁴ cells/mL suspension 100 μL/well, which was seeded in 96-well culture plates. The control group, colchicine 1.0 mg·L^-1 group and 100.0, 75.0, 50.0, 25.0, 12.5 mg·L^-1, 5 different concentrations of ampelopsin groups were designed. Cells were cultured at 37 ℃ 5%CO₂ for 48 h. The cell proliferation inhibition rate was measured by MTT。Effect of ampelopsin on the content of collage(Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ) and cytokine (TGF-β₁, PDGF) was dected by ELISA. Result: Ampelopsin at 100.0, 75.0 mg·L^-1 might effectively inhibit proliferation of HSC-T6 cells, and the non-toxic drug concentration was 50.0 mg·L^-1, the contents of collage Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and TGF-β₁, PDGF in HSC-T6 cells were significantly lower than control group at 50.0 mg·L^-1 of ampelopsin (P<0.05), the contents of collage Ⅲ in HSC-T6 cells was significantly lower than control group by ampelopsin at 25.0 mg·L^-1(P<0.05). Conclusion: Ampelopsin could inhibit the proliferation of HSC-T6 and reduce the content of collage Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and TGF-β₁, PDGF.

Abstract:Objective: To explore the effects of different extracts of Rhinacanthus nasutus (DER) on lipid metabolism of the quails. Method: The quails were randomly divided into 11 groups, each included 12 quails:normal control group, model group, Zhibituo (2.0 g·kg^-1) positive control group, high dose and low dose (21.6, 5.4 g·kg^-1) groups of three extracts of DER. The quails atherosclerotic model was established by feeding high fat food.The administration lasted three months. Total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), high density lipoprotein cholestero(HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) levels were measured, the tissues of aorta and liver were observed under light microscope. Result: Compared with normal control group, the content of TC, TG, LDL-C of model group was increased(P<0.01). Compared with model group, the end of 3nd month after administration, the content of TC, TG, LDL-C in DER groups was decreased obviously (P<0.05-P<0.01), content of HDL-C was increased, there were significant differences. The effects of ethyl acetate and butanol effective parts was better than petroleum and water extrats;and the pathological lesions of atherosclerotic plaque were significantly lessened. Conclusion: Extraction of R. nasutus can effectively decrease the serum lipid and prevent the formation of atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Objective: This study was to explore the effects of Cuscutae Semen (CS) and its major components, flavones, on kidney deficiency and ovulation inhibition in female rats. Method: Forty eight SD female rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:CS high and low dose groups, flavones from Cuscutae Semen (FCS) high and low dose groups, model group and normal group. Hydroxyurea emulsion (600 mg·kg^-1) was administered intragastrically to establish kidney deficiency model with ovulation inhibition. Two hours after administration of hydroxyurea, rats in each group were treated with corresponding drugs for 8 days. A range of parameters were observed, including the uterine index, the ovarian index, the proportion of mature follicles, the number of corpus luteum, the level of serum estrogen (E₂), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinzing hormone (LH). Result: ①The model rats exhibited symptoms of kidney deficiency, with histopathological assay indicating ovulation inhibition, and the level of serum E₂, FSH and LH (3.68±1.18) pmol·L^-1, (2.43±0.24) U·L^-1, (2.84±1.05) U·L^-1 decreased significantly compared to those in the normal contrast group (P<0.05). ②Compared to the model group, the uterine and ovarian index and the proportion of mature follicles, the serum E₂ and FSH levels (5.49±1.72)pmol·L^-1, (2.70±0.22) U·L^-1 in CS high dose group were much higher, while in FCS low dose group, all parameters were significantly elevated except for the number of corpus luteum. The increases in the groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Serum LH level in FCS low dose group(3.65±0.78) U·L^-1 was significantly higher than that in CS high dosage group(3.10±0.60) U·L^-1 (P<0.05). Conclusion: CS could effectively improve the ovulation inhibition and renal deficiency induced by the hydroxyurea. The effect of CS on kidney deficiency and ovulation inhibition model may likely be attributed to its main component-flavones, which is a promising component of traditional chinese medicine.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effect of madecassoside on interleukin-6(IL-6) production from synovial fibroblasts (FLS). Method: The rat adjuvant arthritis model was established by cultivating the original generation of FLS in rats. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) was used to induce the expression of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in FLS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect FLS inflammatory factor levels of IL-6.Real time PCR method was used for detection of IL-6 and IL-1 mRNA expression. Western bloting method was used for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, protein kinase C (PKC) protein, and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) protein expression. Result: Our results showed that IL-1β (10 μg·L^-1) significantly increased the production of IL-6, and mRNA of IL-6, the activation of MAPK, PKC, and CREB which was relative to the synthesis of IL-6.Madecassoside (1, 5, 10, 20 μmol·L^-1) concentration-dependently decreased the production of IL-6 from FLS due to IL-1β. Conclusion: The mechanisms probably involve the inhibition of MAPK activation, PKC phosphorylation.

Abstract:Objective: To study the antithrombotic effect of Fufang Xueshuantong capsule. Method: The rats were randomized into model group, low, moderate and high dosages(0.375, 0.75, 1.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1) groups of Fufang Xueshuantong capsule and aspirin enteric-coated tablets(50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) group, each group was ig administrated once every day for 7 days. One hour after the last administration, the vena cava inferior thrombus model and carotid arterio-venous bypass thrombus model were built, the effect of Fufang Xueshuantong capsule on wet weight and dry weight of thrombus, and thrombogenesis-inhibition rate in rats were observed. The carotid artery thrombus model wasestablished, meanwhile intragastric administration lasted 5 days. After the last administration, the effect of Fufang Xueshuantong capsule on wet weight and thrombogenesis-inhibition rate in rats were observed. The rats were given subcutaneous injection of epinephrine, ice-bath and reducing feeding was used to establish acute blood stasis model.The effect of Fufang Xueshuantong capsule on clotting time(CT), thrombin time(TT), and platelet aggregation function of rats was observed. Result: Compared with normal group, CT and TT of model group were decreased (P<0.01), the function of platelet aggregation was increased (P<0.01).Compared with model group, Fufang Xueshuantong capsule could decrease wet weight and dry weight of vena cava inferior thrombus and carotid arterio-venous bypass thrombus, reduce wet weight of carotid artery thrombus (P<0.05, P<0.01), prolong CT and TT (P<0.05, P<0.01), and inhibit platelet aggregation of rats (P<0.05). Conclusion: Fufang Xueshuantong capsule exhibits an evident antithrombotic effect probably through conditioning the coagulation function and platelet aggregation function.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effects of total flavonoids of tartary buckwheat on IRS-2 in EA.hy926 cells in the presence of palmitic acid. Method: EA.hy 926 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control group, insulin resistance induced by palmitic acid group, total flavonoids of tartary buckwheat group and metformin group randomly. Each group combined 10% FBS ADMA complete medium and insulin (50 nmol·L^-1), compared with control group, other groups contain palmitic acid (600 μmol·L^-1), and total flavonoids of tartary buckwheat group contain total flavonoids of tartary buckwheat flavonoids (125 mg·L^-1), metformin group contain metformin (2 mmol·L^-1). The IRS-2 mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Result: Compared with control groups, the expression levels of IRS-2 mRNA and protein were significantly lower in insulin resistance group (P<0.05).the expresssion levels of IRS-2 mRNA and protein of control group were (1.203±0.040 )and (1.164±0.034), and insulin resistance induced by palmitic acid group were (0.611±0.022) and (0.580±0.006), Compared with insulin resistance group, the IRS-2 mRNA and protein expression were markedly increased in both total flavonoids of tartary buckwheat group and metformin group (P<0.05), and there is no significant difference between two groups. the expression levels of IRS-2 mRNA and protein of total flavonoids of tartary buckwheat group were (0.904±0.157) and (0.845±0.029), and metformin group randomly were (0.890±0.054) and (0.841±0.006). Conclusion: Total flavonoids of tartary buckwheat effectively promotes the expression of IRS-2 mRNA and protein in endothelial cells under palmitic acid stimulation.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effect of LBJZ oils on tumor growth and pseudopodium formation of human lung cancer cell line A549 cells. Method: Cell tumorigenicity was assayed by soft agar colony formation after treating A549 cells with LBJZ oils of 25, 50, 100 mg·L^-1 for 20 d. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry after treating A549 cells with LBJZ oils of 25, 50, 100 mg·L^-1 for 24 h. The changing of cytoskeletal was detected by immunofluorescence dyeing after treating A549 cells with LBJZ oils of 100 mg·L^-1 for 24 h. Result: LBJZ oils inhibited proliferation of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. There were significant differences between results of colony formation in control group and in all three dosage groups (P<0.01). LBJZ oils blocked cell cycle progression at G₂ phase. Ratios of cells in G₂ phase of medium and high dosage groups were 21.92% and 29.94% respectively, which showed significant differences compared with that of control group (P<0.05). LBJZ oils caused damage to the cytoskeleton of A549 cells, and promoted generation of pseudopodia. Conclusion: It suggested that LBJZ oils significantly inhibited proliferation of A549 cells, which may related to arrest of cell cycle and changes of cytoskeleton on A549 cells. However, it can also lead to cell migration and cancer.

Abstract:Objective: To assess the anti-diarrhea, astringing intestine, analyesia anti-nociception and immunity pharmacodynamics of Cangpo oral liquid. Method: Fifty mice were randomly divided into five groups:control group(normal saline), positive control group and low, middle, high dosage groups of Cangpo oral liquid (5, 10, 20 g·kg^-1). The effect on the diarrhea induced by Senna leaf was evaluated by the amount of mouse wet dejecta. The effect on the propulsive motility of small intestine was evaluated by push distance of the charcoal powder in intestine. Xylene-induced mouse ear edema was conducted to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of the liquid. Hot plate test were conducted to assess the anti-nociception effect of the liquid. Immunity function was investigated by the phagocytes' phagocytosis of chicken RBC on animal model of spleen deficiency caused by Rhubarb. Result: Compared with the control group, Cangpo oral liquid reduced the amount of mouse wet dejecta (P<0.01, P<0.05), the most significant effect happened in 2 hours after administration. Cangpo oral liquid debased push distance of the charcoal powder in intestine, the high-dose group played the strongest role in three groups (P<0.01). Cangpo oral liquid could inhibit the mice auricle swelling by xylene (P<0.05, P<0.01), and acetate prednisone showed slightly stronger effect than the liquid. Cangpo oral liquid also delayed the latencies of licking paws and prolonged pain threshold in hot plate pain test in mice (P<0.05, P<0.01). In addition, the liquid improved the phagocytic index of peritoneal macrophage in animal pathological model of spleen deficiency caused by Rhubarb (P<0.01), and it showed a dosage-effect relationship. Conclusion: Cangpo oral liquid has the functions of anti-diarrhea, astringing intestine, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociception, and immunity effect, which provides the pharmacodynamic basis for treating calf spleen deficiency diarrhea in clinic.

Abstract:Objective: To study sensitization potential of five kinds of traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMI) with clearing-heat function by using the BALB/c popliteal lymph node assay. Method: Seventy female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into positive group (mercuric chloride), negative control group (normal saline) and the traditional Chinese medicine injection (TCMI) groups, mice were injected subcutaneously (50 μL) with drugs into the right pad of hind foot. Dosages of each animal from normal saline group and mercuric chloride group were 50 μL 0.9%NaCl and 50 μg HgCl₂, respectively. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection groups, were given 1.92 mL·kg^-1 Zhongjiefeng injection(ZJF), 0.96 mL·kg^-1 Qingkailing injection(QKL), 0.96 mL·kg^-1 Chuanxinlian injection (CXL), 0.96 mL·kg^-1 Chaihu(CH) and 0.48 mL·kg^-1 Banlangen(BLG). The animals were killed on the 6th day, the popliteal lymph nodes(PLN) were isolated and weighed respectively to calculate the PLN weight index(WI).Then the PLN from four of ten mice in each group were fixed with paraformaldehyde solution for histopathologic examination;the other PLN were calculated cell index(CI). Result: Compared to untreated sides, WI and CI of the PLN from mercuric chloride group (WI=3.82±0.93, CI=7.40±0.63), Zhongjiefeng injection(ZJF, WI=2.21±0.15, CI=5.23±0.18), Qingkailing injection(QKL, WI=2.13±0.10, CI=5.17±0.18) and Chuanxinlian injection (CXL, WI=2.06±0.14, CI=5.04±0.27) reached to WI>2 and CI>5(P<0.05 or P<0.01)and Compared to normal saline groups(WI=1.10±0.14, CI=1.23±0.11), their PLN were significantly enlarged, cells were increased.And their pathological examination showed that treated side PLN were enlarged with remarkable germinal center and increased high endothelial venules proliferation.And the responses in Chaihu injection (CH, WI=1.39±0.16, CI=3.15±0.21) or Banlangen injection (BLG, WI=1.38±0.13, CI=3.25±0.36)were unreached to positive response standard, corresponding change was not obvious. Conclusion: ZJF, QKL and CXL have the allergenic potential the sensitization of CH or BLG is not obvious.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of Qingchang Huashi fang on patients with ulcerative colitis and the improvements of erythrocyte sedimentation tate(ESR), platelet(PLT) and D-dimer after treatment, in attempt to evalutate its impact on remission induction and improved coagulation indexes. Method: Fifty-nine patients diagnosed with mild or moderate active ulcerative colitis and belong to Shire Neiyun syndrome were divided into traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment group and Mesalazine control group. Patients were treated by oral and enema with TCM in treatment group, while in control group with Mesalazine. Evaluate the total effective rate, the main symptom disappearance rate, colonoscopy curative effect and ESR, PLT, D-dimer indicators. Result: The total effective rate of Qingchang Huashi fang was higher than mesalazine (93.3% vs 79.3%, P<0.05), and the disappearance rates of hematochezia and diarrhea in treatment group were higher than those in contol group (82.8% vs 58.6%, 85.7% vs 60.0%, P<0.01). The improvement of colonoscopy was also superior to Mesalazine (P<0.05).The indicators of ESR, PLT were improved much more than those in contol group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Qingchang Huashi fang was superior to mesalazine in remission induction, relief of symptoms and improvement of coagulation indexes. But we had not found that Qingchang Huashi fang was better than mesalazine in the improvement of D-dimer.

Abstract:Objective: To explore the mechanism of Ginseng Polysacchride injection(GPS) add dendritic cells(DC) effect on Th1/Th2 of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and colorectal cancer(CRC) patients. Method: Eight cases of NSCLC and CRC patients were divided into four groups randomly (NSCLC control group, NSCLC research group, CRC control group, CRC research group), 20 cases in each group. Using DC or GPS add DC treatment. Detect interferon-γ(INF-γ), interleukin-4(IL-4), IL-2 and IL-5 in the four groups before and after treatment. Result: Before and after treatment, Th1(INF-γ, IL-2)and Th1/Th2(INF-γ/IL-4, IL-2/IL-5) were increased and Th2(IL-4, IL-5)was decreased in four cancer groups(P<0.01). After treatment, Th1(INF-γ, IL-2) and Th1/Th2(INF-γ/IL-4, IL-2/IL-5) were showed:NSCLC research group>NSCLC control group and CRC research group>CRC control group(P<0.05);Th2(IL-4, IL-5) was showed:NSCLC control group>NSCLC research group and CRC control group>CRC research group(P<0.05). Conclusion: GPS add DC treatment has different degree of Th1/Th2 regulation in NSCLC and CRC patients, this is one of the mechanisms of treating different diseases with the same method;GPS have the assistant to DC in adjusting the immunity of cancer patients.

Abstract:Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of Xuanbai Chengqi tang therapeutic aspiration syndrome. Method: A randomized, controlled study methods, seting Xuanbai Chengqi tang group and the control group. Each group is divided into two subgroups of patients group mechanical ventilation (MV) and non-mechanical ventilation (NO-MV). Control group, the use of conventional Western medicine treatment;Xuanbai Chengqi tang group, on the basis of conventional Western medicine, Plus Xuanbai Chengqi tang orally. ① Observations content include:before treatment and after 5 days oxygenation index (PaO₂/FiO₂), body temperature, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP) and so on. ② Therapeutic evaluation:after 2 weeks of treatment, patients were evaluated prognosis of lung injury. Result: ① After 5 days treatment, Xuanbai Chengqi tang group comparison control group between subgroups, Whether NO-MV or MV two subgroups oxygenation index, temperature difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) and but body temperature, white blood cell count, the two groups only in the NO-MV subgroups were significantly different (P<0.05). ② After 2 weeks of treatment, two groups patients were evaluated prognosis of lung injury, there are statistically significant difference in clinical effect (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the conventional Western medicine treatment, with the Prescription of Xuanbai Chengqi tang helps reduce the patient's lung damage, improve the therapeutic effect, its mechanism may reduce the systemic inflammatory response.

Abstract:Objective: The discuss the influence on patients' living quality and progression free survival of Fuzheng Huadu decoction to treat non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) in the middle and late period after chemotherapy. Method: Eighty-five cases of patients with NSCLC were randomly divided into control group (42 cases) and observation group (43 cases)according to hospital admission order.The patients in control group used symptomatic and supportive treatment.The patients in the observation group plus Fuzheng Huadu decoction on the basis of control group treatment. Until their disease appeared terminate the observation.Adopt European organization research and treatment of cancer quality of life(EORTCQLQ-C30).Conduct therapy KPS grade.Record progression free survival(PFS).Detect T cell subset (CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺)and lmmunoglobulin detection(IgG, IgA, IgM). Result: After treatment, for the observation group the scores of physical performance, role function, emotional function, society function and global quality of life were superior to that of the control group(P<0.01). As for the scores of tired, nausea and vomit, dyspnea, insomnia and the loss of appetite were lower than that of the control group(P<0.01). Karnofsky rate (increasing+stable) was 90.70% superior to 71.43% of the control group71.43%(P<0.05). And the progression free survival of the observation group was (7.3±0.85)mouths superior to (4.5±1.08) of the control group(P<0.01). And compared with the index before treatment, CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and IgG all improved which were higher than that of the control group(P<0.01). Conclusion: The maintenance treatment of Fuzheng Huadu decoction can improve the quality of life of patients when it was used in non small cell lung cancer, after chemotherapy and lengthen PFS, improve immune function.

Abstract:Objective: The purpose is to discuss the clinical effects of Qufeng Runfei Tongluo Zhike decoction differentiation treatment on chronic cough and the influence of the decoction on patients'life quality. Method: Ninety cases of patients with chronic cough were randomly divided into control group (45 cases) and observation group (45 cases)according to the sequence of being in hospital.Both groups aimed at different pathogeny using corresponding treatment referred to'cough diagnosis and treatment guide'.For patients in control group, they took Baihe Guidingjin, 6 g/time, 3 times/day. Patients in observation group took Qufeng Runfei Tongluo Zhike decoction, 1 does/day, conventional water frying and taken at twice.Treatment courses for two groups continued 2 weeks.Record day/night cough symptoms scores, expectoration et accompanied symptoms scores, cough extinction time and cough disappeared rate after treatment.Adopt Leicester cough questionnaire (LCQ) to evaluate cough life quality. Result: The total effective rate of the observation group was 90.6% superior to 80.0% of the control group(P<0.05), after treatment, the integral of cough of daytime and night were both lower than than of the control group(P<0.01), the integral of accompanied symptoms such as cough and the total symptom integral were both lower than of the control group(P<0.01), the cough disappeared time of the observation group was (7.73±1.82) days were lower than (9.85±1.76) days of the control group (P<0.01), the disappearance rate of cough was 44.44% superior to 22.22% of the control group(P<0.05), the three dimension of LCQ scale such as physiological status, physiological health, society function and total grade were all higher than that of the control group(P<0.01). Conclusion: Qufeng Runfei Tongluo Zhike decoction which used in chronic cough can relief the main symptoms such as cough of the patients, improve quality of life of patients with cough, there was a significant clinical effect.

Abstract:Objective: Observe the influence and mechanism of Shugan Huazhuo Jiangtang decoction on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) insulin sensitivity. Method: One hundred cases of patients with T2 DM were randomly divided into control group (50 cases) and observation group (50 cases) according to the hospital order.The patients in the control group took pioglitazone metformin tablets, 1 piece/time, 2 times/day.Patients in observation group took Shugan Huazhuo Jiangtang decoction based on control group's treatment, 1 does/day.Treatment courses for two groups continued 12 weeks.Measure weight(Wt), waist circumference(WC), fasting blood-glucose(FBG), fasting insulin(FINS), 2 h postprandial blood glucose(2 hPBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc). Calculate body mass index(BMI), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), islet B cell secretion index and insulin sensitivity index(ISI).Detect serum leptin(LP), adiponectin(APN), interleukin(IL-6). Result: After treatment, the level of FBG, 2 hPG, HbA1c and FINS of the observation group were lower than that of the control group(P<0.01), and the level of BMI and HOMA-IR of the observation group were lower than that of the control group, the level of HOMA-IS and ISI were higher than that of the control group(P<0.01), the level of IL-6 and LP were lower than that of the control group, but the level of APN was higher than that of the control group(P<0.01). Conclusion: Shugan Huazhuo Jiangtang decoction can regulate glucose metabolism and reduce blood glucose of T2 DM patients, besides, it can also improve secretion function of beta-cell and improve insulin sensibility of bodies, the mode of action may be related to the relief of inflammation.

Abstract:Objective: The purpose is to observe the clinical effects of Banxiao Baizhu Tianma decoction combined with Danshen decoction add and subtract treatment on coronary heart disease stable angina pectoris combine hyperlipidaemia(stasis stagnation syndrome).Beside, to observe the influence of these treatment on lipoprotein associated phospholipase A₂(Lp-PLA₂), α-granule membrane protein on platelet surface(GMP-140) and platelet maximum condensation rate (ADP). Method: Ninety cases of patients were randomly divided into control group (45 cases) and observation group (45 cases) by sequential order of outpatient. Both groups received basic treatment, including bayaspirin enteric-coated tablets, 0.1 g/time, 1 piece/day, taken sublingual buccal immunotherapy.Nitroglycerin tablets, 1 piece/day, taken buccally when necessary.For patients in control group, they took atorvastatin, 20 mg/time, 1 does/day, taken orally.Patients in observation group took Banxiao Baizhu Tianma decoction combined Danshen decoction, 1 does/day.Treatment courses continued 12 weeks.Detect blood lipid level, record attack frequency of angina pectoris each week and nitroglycerin tablet before and after treatment.Conduct electrocardiographic examination before and after treatment.Test the level of Lp-PLA₂, GMP-140, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and ADP. Result: The total curative effective rate of electrocardiogram of the observation group was 82.0% superior to 60% of the control group(P<0.05), for the observation group, the time of stenocardia and the dosage of nitroglycerin tablets were both less than that of the control group(P<0.01), and the total curative effective rate of reducing lipid of the observation group was 95.6% higher than 91.1% of the control group, and there was no statistically significant difference, after treatment, the level of cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG) of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.01), and there was no statistically significant difference between low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) group and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) group, Besides, the level of Lp-PLA₂, GMP-140, hs-CRP and ADP of the observation group were all lower than that of the control group(P<0.01). Conclusion: It can ameliorate patients' level of blood lipid of when Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction which combined with Danshen decoction was used in coronary heart disease and stable angina pectoris pooling hyperlipidemia, and it can also relief angina symptom, we can get comprehensive curative effect. What's more it can relief inflammatory factors, inhibit platelet aggregation, there is a preventive effect to adverse events coronary heart disease.

Abstract:Objective: To evaluate systematically the clinical efficacy and safety of Qingkailing injection (QKL) for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Method: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about QKL for acute ischemic stroke were searched systemically and comprehensively. Two reviewers assessed the quality of the included studies by the Cochrane risk of bias, and extracted the information from the included studies independently. Meta-analysis was conducted with the software Review Manager 5.2.Result: A total of 8 studies with 633 participants were included, and the quality of the studies was relatively low, which only one study used the random number table to generate random sequence. Meta-analysis, the results of QKL group were significantly superior to the west conventional therapy group in the total effective rate [RR=1.28, 95%CI (1.18, 1.39), P<0.000 01], and the mortality rate [RR=0.32, 95%CI (0.11, 0.91), P=0.03], and the degree of neurological damage [MD=-5.61, 95%CI (-8.51,-2.72), P=0.000 1]. It also can inhibit the tumor factor (TNF-α) [MD=-5.56, 95%CI (-9.23,-1.90), P=0.003] and interleukin-6 (IL-6), decrease the index of viscosity of whole blood, suppress the expression of platelet cytosolic-alpha particle membrane glycoprotein CD62P [MD=-2.07, 95%CI (-2.53,-1.61), P<0.000 01], and so on. There were 4 studies mentioned clearly on adverse drug reactions (ADR), and 1 study reported 8 ADRS, 3 of which in the Cxperiment group. Conclusion: Comparing with the control group QKL combined with the conventional therapy was relatively effective and safe, which was based on the systematic review, and the more qualified RCTs are needed to make further study.

Abstract:Review and analysis the progress of research in traditional Chinese herbal monomer and compound reversing lung cancer multi-drug resistance (MDR) mechanisms.Currently, traditional Chinese herbal monomer and compound achieve reversal of multidrug resistance in lung cancer primarily by reducing membrane transport proteins, decreasing tumor cell detoxification, repair, regulating signal transduction apoptosis genes, cell cycle, tumor extracellular matrix. These results indicate that traditional Chinese herbal to reverse drug resistance mechanisms of lung cancer characterized by a multi-target, with potential development value, but also for the treatment of cancer in clinical medicine provides a scientific foundation.

Abstract:Objective: Analyzing the literature on guinea pig usage for allergic rhinitis research, in order to determine the best evaluation model. Method: China Hospital Knowledge Database (CHKD) was used to search the terms ‘allergic rhinitis’ and ‘guinea pig’ in the period between 1979 and 2013. Result: A total of 208 articles were found, of which 51 articles described the model evaluation methods, which included behavior score, nasal secretions smear, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), and pathological observation. Conclusion: Behavioral score evaluation method is the most commonly used, currently the method proposed by Zhao is more fairly reliable, but there is not uniform standard on procedure. On this basis, combined with nasal secretions smear, and PCA evaluation model is more reliable, but for PCA and pathology observation there is the need to increase the number of animals, thus making it difficult to operate. Therefore, the current literature still does not provide adequate support for the best model evaluation method.

Abstract:In this paper, We performed a analysis andsummaryof numerous published papers about Chinese medicine NPs'targeted therapy in Hepatocellular carcinoma( HCC)from three aspects: focusing on the passive targeting, active targeting and physicochemical targetingagents, especially the mechanisms and methods. We also give a discussion and outlook about the further development of Chinese medicine NPs'drug delivery systems in HCC. (HCC) is a kind of malignancy with high morbidity and mortality, Due to the drug' poor selectivity to tumor, low absorption and the emergence of multidrug resistance clinically, the effect of chemotherapy in patients with liver cancer is not ideal. Where the chinese medicine play a significant role, The chinese medicine nanoparticles(NPs) combineing the advantages of nano-medicine and nano-medicine, solve the above problems effectively , show a wealth of potential applications in the treatment of liver cancer, and become the hot spot in HCC targeted therapy nowadays.

Abstract:Polymer nanocomposites is a new type of pharmaceutical preparations, its small size, easy through the gap to be absorbed by the cells, and it has many advantages in terms of drug delivery, which has become one of important research direction in the field of medicine.This article from the application classification and preparation methods of polymer carrier sumarised the research situation, to provide the reference for the more application research of polymer carrier material in the medical field.