Abstract:Objective: To investigate effect of carbomer on enzymolysis of total flavonoids from Epimedii Folium. Method: Total flavonoids from Epimedii Folium and carbomer was mixed, then hydrolyzed by snailase, HPLC was adopted to observe content change of main flavonoids (including epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin and so on) and main hydrolysates (sagittatoside A, sagittatoside B, 2"-O-rhamnosylicariside Ⅱ, baohuoside Ⅰ and icaritin in enzymolysis liquid, and compared with enzymatic process (no carbomer) of total flavonoids from Epimedii Folium. Result: In a buffer solution (containing 1% carbomer, 37 ℃), hydrolysis rates of epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C and icariin were slower, it need about 4 h to completely transformed to secondary glycosides, which was twice in comparison with absense of carbomer;The content of baohuoside Ⅰ was always higher and contents of sagittatoside A and 2"-O-rhamnosylicariside Ⅱ was also higher during 2-6 h than absense of carbomer.The highest content of baohuoside Ⅰ was 48.43 mg·L^-1 and the final stable content was 12.99 mg·L^-1, which were 2.2 and 7.2 times as many as absense of carbomer, respectively.Afterwards, secondary glycosides could continue to be hydrolyzed to aglycone, their production rates were almost the same, which were about 7.60 mg·L^-1·h^-1. Conclusion: Carbomer could slow down enzymolysis rates of total flavonoids from Epimedii Folium, promote production of secondary glycosides, but had no effect on production of aglycone.

Abstract:Objective: To discuss feasibility of permeation percutaneous administration of natural hirudin hydrogels and its toxic action on animal skin. Method: Natural hirudin hydrogels was prepared, improved Franz diffusion cells was adopted to make a permeability test, activity of natural hirudin was determined by Markwardt.Health Wistar rats were adopted to take an acute position skin test and single or multiple dose skin irritation test, health guinea pigs were used to make skin sensitization test. Result: Fibrinogen clotting times of experimental groups were delayed with P<0.05, it reached the maximum of (85.4±1.454) s at 3 h, while the control group had no significant delay;High-dose of natural hirudin hydrogels in short-term had no toxicity for skin, and no irritation for intact skin and broken skin of Wistar rats, no sensitization for intact skin of guines pigs. Conclusion: Natural hirudin could penetrate into intact skin tissue, its gels was safety for skin topical administration of experimental animals.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate in vitro transdermal absorption properties of Dingguier umbilical pastes. Method: Vertical Franz diffusing cells and nude mice were adopted for percutaneous penetration test.HPLC was adopted to determine accumulative percutaneous permeation of eugenol, cinnamic aldehyde and piperine in certain time with mobile phase of methanol (A)-water (B) gradient elution (0-25 min, 50%-90%A) and detection wavelength of 290, 280, 343 nm, respectively. Result: Linear ranges of eugenol, cinnamic aldehyde and piperine were 0.0144 6-2.892 5, 0.001 1-0.226 2, 0.002 0-0.403 2 μg, average recoveries were 100.5%, 98.6%, 99.1%, transdermal time-lags were 0.07, 0.41, 2.36 h, penetration rates were 49.91, 2.65, 0.40 μg·cm^-2·h^-1, accumulative penetration amounts in 24 h were (1 204.28±103.74), (63.01±10.95), (8.82±1.19) μg·cm^-2, respectively. Conclusion: In vitro percutaneous penetration of Dingguier umbilical pastes complied with zero-order kinetics.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate effects of different dissolution conditions on dissolution characteristics of baicalin solid dispersions. Method: Baicalin-PEG6000 solid dispersions was prepared by solvent evaporation method, DSC and X-ray diffraction method were adopted to identify its formation, and effects of different conditions on its in vitro dissolution were investigated. Result: Baicalin was in amorphous form dispersed in solid dispersions;Stripping properties of baicalin solid dispersions in different kinds of stripping method were different;In pure water medium, release of baicalin was 65% in 15 min, then release slow increased, released more than 70% in 330 min;In artificial gastric juice, it released 30% in 15 min and 56% in 330 min;In simulated gastrointestinal medium, it released slowly in the stomach environment (released 30%-54% in 15-120 min) and released quickly in the small intestine environment (released 54%-69% in 120-330 min). Conclusion: Dissolution properties of baicalin-PEG6000 solid dispersions in different dissolution methods were different, dynamic dissolution medium should be widely applied.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize extraction technology of Jiedu Tongluo particles. Method: Based on single factor tests, central composite design-response surface methodology was applied to optimize extraction process with soaking time, decoction time and solvent amounts as independent variables, while composite score of extraction amounts of baicalin, quercetin and isorhamnetin as dependent variable.SPSS software was used to fit multivariate linear equation and second-order polynomial equation for experimental data, response surface and contour plot were delineated according to best-fit mathematic models by Design Expert 8.0.0 statistic analysis software. Result: Optimum extraction process was as follows:soaking time 90 min, decoction time 85.63 min, the amount of solvent 9.21 times;Composite score was (93.2±0.051) %, which had deviation of -2.32% with the predicted value of 94.30%. Conclusion: Model established by central composite design-response surface methodology had good predictability, which was suitable for optimizing extraction process of Jiedu Tongluo particles.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize surfactant assisted microwave extraction process of total flavonoids from Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma. Method: Taking microwave power, the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), solid to liquid ratio and microwave extraction time as independent variables, extraction amount of total flavonoids as dependent variable, linear or nonlinear mathematic models were used to estimate relationship between independent variables and dependent variable, central composite design-response surface methodology were adopted to optimize extraction process, and prediction was carried out through comparing the observed and predicted values. Result: Optimum extraction conditions were as follows:microwave power 175 W, the concentration of SDS 1.28%, solid-liquid ratio of 1:21 g·mL^-1, microwave extraction time of 3.6 min;Under these conditions, yield of total flavonoids could reach 1.06 mg·g^-1.Compared with thermal reflux method, microwave method and ultrasonic method, extraction amount of total flavonoids with surfactant assisted microwave extraction process could increased 35%, 14% and 21%, respectively. Conclusion: Optimized process was simple and feasible, it had advantages of energy-saving, time-saving and high extracting rate, which could be used for extraction of total flavonoids from Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize ultrafine pulverization process of Codonopsis Radix and investigate its in vitro dissolution. Method: Taking extraction amount of lobetyolin as index, orthogonal test was adopted to optimize ultrafine pulverization process with powder consumption, preliminary powder fineness and pulverization time as factors.HPLC was employed to determine the content of lobetyolin with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (20:80) and detection wavelength of 268 nm.Dissolution was determined by Paddle-shaped mixing method, the content of lobetyolin in stripping liquid at different times from ultrafine powder and ordinary powder was compared. Result: Optimal ultrafine pulverization technology was as follows:preliminary powder fineness 65 mesh, powder consumption 1 000 g, pulverization time 40 minutes;Average extraction amount of lobetyolin was 3.95 mg·g^-1 with RSD of 2.85%.Compared with ordinary powder, the content of lobetyolin in stripping liquid from ultrafine powder increased by 35%, dissolution of ultrafine powder in 30 min was up to 80%, while it was 40% in 120 min for ordinary powder. Conclusion: This optimized technology was stable and feasible, dissolution rate of lobetyolin in ultrafine powder was much larger than ordinary powder.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize softening cutting process of Daphne giraldii. Method: With extraction amounts of daphnetin, umbelliferone, total coumarins and syringin as indexes, effects of adding water content, softening time and cutting thickness on softening cutting process were investigated by orthogonal design.Contents of daphnetin, umbelliferone and syringin were determined by HPLC, but the content of total coumarins was determined by UV. Result: The best softening cutting process was as follows:adding water amount 0.8 times, softening time 0.5 h and cutting thickness 5 mm;Extraction amounts of daphnetin, umbelliferone, syringin and total coumarins were 1.058, 0.669, 5.793, 3.640 mg·g^-1, respectively. Conclusion: This optimized process was stable and feasible, which could provide process parameters for industrial production and quality control of D. giraldii.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate in vitro release characteristics of Shuxiong pulsatile controlled-release dropping pills (SPCDP). Method: Determination of dissolution was taken by small glass method, effects of dissolution medium and stirring rate on in vitro release behavior were investigated, then release mechanism and characteristics of pulsatile controlled-release dropping pills were explained. Result: Release behavior of SPCDP was influenced most greatly by pH value of dissolution medium.Release behavior of pulsatile controlled-release dropping pills was good in 0.1 mol·L^-1 HCl solution at the first 2 h and in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) after 2 h with stirring rate of 100 r·min^-1 by small glass method at (37±0.5) ℃. Conclusion: Description of dissolution profiles suggested that first order equation was the most appropriate model to describe release kinetics of SPCDP, this preparation had excellent characteristics of controlled-release formulation.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize extraction process of total saponins from Rubus parvifolius in aqueous two-phase system. Method: Taking oleanolic acid as index component, ultrasound-assisted coupling ethanol-ammonium sulfate aqueous two-phase system was adopted to extract total saponins.Mixture design in linear constraints was employed with three independent variables including amounts of ammonium sulfate, ethanol and water, while the content of total saponins as dependent variable, mathematical model between index and factors was established by multi-linear regression and binomial fitting, then optimum process conditions were predicted. Result: Optimum process conditions were as follows:ammonium sulfate 11%, ethanol 37%, water 52%;Extraction rate of total saponins was 3.10%, which had relative error of -1.27% with the predicted value of 3.14%. Conclusion: Mixture design facilitated to optimize extraction technology of total saponins from R. parvifolius in aqueous two-phase system, this established model had good predictability.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize purification technology of Bauhinia championii with D-101 macroporous resin. Method: HPLC was adopted to determine contents of 3', 4', 5', 5, 7-pentamethoxy flavone (flavone 1) and 3', 4'-methylenedioxy-5', 5, 6, 7-tetramethoxy flavone (flavone 2) with mobile phase of acetonitrile (A) -water (B) gradient elution (0-20 min, 30%-40%A;20-36 min, 40%-48%A) and detection wavelength of 324 nm.Taking overall desirability of desorption rates and purities of flavone 1 and flavone 2 as dependent variable, while the concentration of sample solution, ethanol concentration and volume as independent variables, multiple linear regression and binomial fitting of each level of independent variables was handled by central composite design, response surface methodology was adopted to optimize technological parameters. Result: Quadratic equation described relationship between dependent and independent variables was obviously better than multiple linear regression equation.Optimum technological parameters were as following:sample concentration 0.11 g·mL^-1, ethanol concentration 84.41%, eluent volume 13.94 BV;Average elution rates of flavone 1 and flavone 2 were 78.45% (RSD 0.32%) and 79.55% (RSD 0.33%), purities were 1.14% (RSD 0.88%) and 0.67% (RSD 1.49%). Conclusion: Optimized purification technology was feasible and stable with good predictability.

Abstract:Objective: To prepare chitosan film as a carrier of colon-specific drug delivery system from Catharsius molossus. Method: Taking mechanical properties, moisture penetrability, swelling and acid resistance as indexes, single factor tests were adopted to optimize preparation technology with concentrations of acetic acid, glycerol and sodium hydroxide, drying conditions as factors. Result: The best process of film-forming were as follows:2% acetic acid as solvent, the concentration of chitosan 2%, 2% sodium hydroxide as de-film agent, immersion time of 2 h, 5% glycerol as plasticizer;Chitosan solution on glass plate was heated for 3 h at 40 ℃ firstly in process of film-forming, these prepared chitosan film had transparent appearance, uniform thickness, small moisture permeability and some resistance to acid with good mechanical properties and overall performance. Conclusion: This technology was stable and reliable, it could be used as a coating excipient in colon-specific tablets and may have wide application in other fields as a new material.

Abstract:Objective: To strength the quality control method of Chuanxinlian injection by determining the content of andrographolide, neoandrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in the process of production. Method: Adopt UV-HPLC to track the dynamic variation of andrographolide, neoandrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in six key process steps, which were picked up from Chuanxinlian injection production process. And metastasis rate of 3 kinds of lactones were analyzed. Result: During the production, the metastasis rate of Andrographolide, neoandrographolide and dehydroandrographolide is different. It is 56.3%, 74.0% and 42.5% respectively. The metastasis rate of three kinds of lactones in different production process is different. The loss in the progress of decolorization activated carbon is most serious. And the metastasis rate of three kinds of lactones is only 75.2%. Conclusion: This research may give a mind of Chuanxinlian injection quality control change from static control to dynamic control. And a great number of possible quality problems in the process of production may be analyzed and summarized more accurate. It provides a solid scientific experimental basis for practical production of Chuanxinlian injection and feasible recommendations for related manufacturing enterprises. Therefore, this paper could offer a new thought for quality control of Chuanxinlian injection even traditional Chinese medicine injections.

Abstract:Objective: To establish a method of fingerprint analysis of the amino acids on Cervil Cornus Colla by HPLC. Method: Cervil Cornus Colla was derivated by Phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC). The Chromatographic fingerprints were obtained by the Diamonsil C₁₈ (2) column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with the gradient elution solvent system composed of acetonitrie-natrium aceticum buffer solution (pH 6.5). The detective wavelength was set at 254 nm, the flow rate was 1 mL·min^-1 and the column temperature was maintained at 43 ℃. Result: The result showed that the amino acids constituents had a high similarity. 18 kinds of amino acids in Cervil Cornus Colla were detected, of which 13 peaks were identified in common peaks. Conclusion: The method has good reproducibility and stability, and could be used for the research and the quality control of Cervil Cornus Colla.

Abstract:Objective: To establish a method for quality control of Tibetan Medicine Shiwei Hezi Pills. Method: Traditional Tibetan medicine in prescription were identified by a series of Microstructure and TLC methods. Hydroxysafflor yellow A;gallic acid was determined by HPLC.The separation was performed on Phenomenex C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm). Result: The linear range of Hdroxysafflor yellow A and gallic acid was within the range of 0.013 6-0.271 7 μg and 0.157 9-0.947 5 μg.The average recovery was 99.9% and 99.1, the RSD was 2.2%.and 1.6%. Conclusion: The method can be applied to the quality control of Shiwei Hezi Pills.

Abstract:Objective: To establish the rapid UV on-line detection for six flavonoids ingredi-ents of zhou's prescription. Method: Six flavonoids index ingredients contents (catechin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin quercetin) in 39 batches of zhou's extracting solution were measured by HPLC. The UV spectra of the same samples' were scanned and take the UV absorbance value among 200 nm to 500 nm every 1 nm. The wavelength which were detected by the above method and the six flavonoids index ingre-dients contents which were determined by HPLC were chosen to stepwise regress analyze and establish the prediction equations of six flavonoids index ingredients.Other 8 batches of extracting solution of zhou's prescription were determined by HPLC and UV prediction to test the UV prediction method. Result: The correlation coefficients of equations of eac-h flavonoids index ingredients were:catechin, 0.935;hydroxysafflor yellow A:0.963;hyp-eroside:0.911;isoquercitrin:0.956;quercitrin:0.926;quercetin:0.890.The correlati-on coefficients of six flavonoids contents determined by HPLC and UV prediction were:catechin, 0.946 5;hydroxysafflor yellow A:0.976 5;hyperoside:0.907 9;isoquercitrin:0.981 9;quercitrin:0.911 4;quercetin:0.896 2.The deviation of six flavonoids index ingredi-ents contents measured by the two methods were low.T-test show that there was no significant difference between UV prediction and HPLC method. Conclusion: The result of UV prediction was reliable and accurate, the UV prediction method was rapide and convenient, so it can be used for on-line testing six flavonoids ingredients in producting of Zhou's prescription.

Abstract:Objective: To analyze the composition and content of volatile components of Xinhui Pericarpium Citri Reticulate (PCR) of different storage time. Investigate the influence of storage time on the volatile components. Method: Twenty-two samples of different storage time (from 1983 to 2012) were analyzed by GC-MS. The correlation of the data and the storage time was studied through statistical analysis by function fiftting method. Result: The contents of the major components did not decrease dramatically with the storage time except 2-methylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester. It was found that the content ratio of β-myrcene to 2-methylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester changed logarithmically with the storage time. The correlation could reach more than 0.86. Conclusion: It was able to confirm that ‘longer storage time the better’for the PCR with the change of the contents of volatile components. However the content ratio of β-myrcene to 2-methylamino-benzoic acid methyl ester supply evidence for the identification of storage time of Xinhui PCR, and will improve the quality control of Xinhui PCR.

Abstract:Objective: To study the dynamics changes of the content of functional ingredients such as polysaccharide, total flavonoids, dihydromyricetin and myricetin from biennial cultivation of Ampelopsis grossedentata collected in different period. Method: The functional ingredients was rufluxing extracted by distilled water, the extraction temperature is 90 ℃. The contents of polysaccharide and total flavonoids are measured by UV spectrophotometer using phenol-sulfuric acid method (490 nm) and AlCl₃ method (318 nm) respectively. The contents of dihydromyricetin and myricetin are measured by HPLC, detected by Dikma ODS C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) under 40 ℃, the mobile phase was methanol and acetonitrile (5:11) -0.1% phosphoric acid solution (80:20), the flow rate was 1 mL·min^-1, detection wavelengths was 292 nm and 370 nm. Result: The content of polysaccharide, total flavonoids, dihydromyricetin and myricetin of biennial cultivation of Ampelopsis grossedentata of different harvest period had significant differences. The highest content of polysaccharide was in August and September, respectively 2.44% and 2.42%;the highest content off total flavonoids, dihydromyricetin and myricetin were in April, respectively 8.74%, 4.69%, 0.18%. Conclusion: The determination method established of this experiment is feasible, reliable, and can make it clear when the best harvest time was of cultural Ampelopsis grossedentata.

Abstract:Objective: To compare the formulations of Danggui Buxue decoction, granule, oral liquid of 3 different preparation of various composition differences, which is used for the contradistinction of affects for chemical compositions of different pharmaceutical technologies. Method: 9 samples of formulations of Danggui Buxue were extracted by 5% methanol-water solution. Sample solutions were determined by Lab Alliance high performance liquid chromatograph instrument equipped with Kromasil C₁₈ column and UV detector, and gradient eluted with methanol-0.4% formic acid aqueous solution as mobile phase. The flow rate was set to 1 mL·min^-1, and the wavelength for detection was set to 280 nm. Through the comparison of HPLC characteristic spectrum, and the use of traditional Chinese medicine fingerprint digital information processing technology of Danggui Buxue Decoction, difference analysis on granules, specific, main components and unknown components was performed. Result: It had obvious characteristics for the common peaks of the HPLC chromatographic profiles for the formulations of Danggui Buxue. 15 common peaks were detected. The similarity indexes had some differences between different formulations of Danggui Buxue preparations. The amount and areas of peaks in dispensing granules and oral liquor had different degrees of reduction, the proportion of various components with different. Conclusion: Compared with the decoction, chemical compositions in Danggui Buxue dispensing granules and oral liquor are subject to varying degrees of loss in preparation process, and may affect the clinical efficacy. The HPLC chromatographic profiles method appeared to be simple, accurate and can be used for the quality researches of the formulations of Danggui Buxue.

Abstract:Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees harvested in different regions of China. Method: The inhibitory effects of A. paniculata on Shigella dysenteriae growth were investigated by microcalorimetry. UPLC fingerprints of the A. paniculata samples were acquired and then analyzed the correlation with the antimicrobial activity by partial least squares (PLS) analysis. Result: Compared with the control group, all A. paniculata samples from different regions showed inhibitory effects to S. dysenteriae with extending of growth time and decrease of metabolism. And the samples from Yunnan Xishuangbanna had stronger antimicrobial effects than others. According to PLS analysis, there were four chemical contents correlative to the activity of antimicrobial effect. Conclusion: The harvest region had significant influence to the quality of A. paniculata and Yunnan, Hainan, Sichuang and Guangxi were the good harvest regions. The combined evaluation of biological activity and chemical fingerprint provides ability to integrally evaluate the quality of A. paniculata.

Abstract:Objective: The identification and determination method were established for Yanlishuang Kouhan Diwan. Method: The TLC method was used for identifying Glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt;The HPLC method was used for determination of Glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt in yanlishuang Kouhan Diwan, Butyl paraben as internal standard.Diamonsil C₁₈ column was adopted.The mobile phase was Acetonitrile-0.01 mol·L^-1 phosphoric acid (38:62) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1.The detection wavelength was 250 nm and column temperture was 25 ℃. Result: This method is specfic and accurate to Glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt in Yanlishang Kouhan Diwan.The linear range of Glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt within 0.212-3.71 mg (r=0.999 9), The average recovery was 101.07%. Conclusion: The method is convenient, sensitive and accurate, which could be used for quality control of the drug.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the Maillard reaction products from Chinese red Ginseng. Method: The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, preparative TLC and preparative HPLC. The structures were elucidated by means of physico-chemical properties and spectral data. Result: Nine compounds were separated and identified as:ketopropyl-1-O-α-D-mannopyranoside (1), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (2), 3-hydroxyl-2-methyl-pyrone (3), nicotinic acid (4), 4-methyoxyl nicotinic acid (5), isomaltol-3-O-α-D-mannopyranoside (6), ferulic acid (7), p-hydroxycinnamic acid (8), formononetin (9). Conclusion: Compounds 1-6 were attainable to Maillard reaction products, 7-8 due to phenylpropionic acids and 9 due to isoflavone, furthermore, compound 1 was a new one, and compounds 4-5 and 7-9 were obtained from Chinese red Ginseng for the first time.

Abstract:Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Adenosma indianum (Lour.) Merr. and the contents of betulinic acid in Adenosma indianum (Lour.) Merr. by HPLC. Method: The chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography over silica ge1.The Structures of the compound was elucidated by spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis.SHISEIDO-SPOLAR C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used with methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid (82:18) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min^-1.The UV detection wavelength was 205 nm and the column temperature was 35 ℃. Result: The compound was identified as betulinic acid.The linear response range of betulinic acid were 0.048-0.48 μg, respectively.The average recovery of this compound was 99.84%, RSD 1.35%. Conclusion: The betulinic acid was isolated from Adenosma indianum (Lour.) Merr. for the first time.This established method in this study is simple, reliable, reproducible and accurate for the analysis of betulinic acid in Adenosma indianum (Lour.) Merr.

Abstract:Objective: To establish the determination method and optimize the water extraction conditions for Epicatechin in leaves of Breynia fruticosa. Method: The content of Epicatechin in leaves of Breynia fruticosa was determined by using HPLC. Permeating time, ratio of solid to liquid, extraction time and extraction times for the affection of water extraction rate of Epicatechin in leaves of Breynia fruticosa were detected by the orthogonal test. Result: The linear range of Epicatechin was 0.006 6-0.264 0 g·L^-1, the standard curve of Epicatechin was as follows Y=59 283X+53.986, r=0.999 9, the average recovery of Epicatechin was 98.2% with RSD 1.03%. The optimal water extraction technics were as follows:ratio of solid to liquid at 1:20 (w/v) and permeating for 45 minutes, 80 ℃ extraction 2 times and 1 hour for each time. Conclusion: HPLC method for determination of Epicatechin in leaves of Breynia fruticosa is simple and selective.The content of Epicatechin was higher after orthogonal test, which can be used for the development of Breynia fruticosa.

Abstract:Objective: To establish a method for determination of the content of total flavonoids in Euonymus alatus. Method: Selecting rutin as a reference substance, single factor tests were adopted to optimize colorimetry methods and conditions, determination of the content of total flavonoids was established and optimized its extraction method. Result: Hydrochloric acid-Mg reaction assay was adopted, rutin had a liner relationship with absorbance in the range of 0.021-0.104 mg (r=0.997), average recovery was 99.424% with RSD of 2.220%. Conclusion: HCl-Mg colorimetry method appeared to be an accurate, reliable and repeatable system for determination of total flavonoids in E. alatus.Total flavonoids in E.alatus should employ reflux extraction method.

Abstract:Objective: To assay the volatile constituents of Ageratum conyzoides L. flower. Method: The volatiles were analyzed by head-space solid micro-extraction, coupled with GC/MS and Kovats. Result: There were 26 different kinds of volatile constituents in Ageratum conyzoides L. flower, 97.44% of the total essential constituents respectively. Conclusion: The major volatile constituents of Ageratum conyzoides L. flower were terpenoid.

Abstract:Objective: To establish a HPLC-ELSD method for the determination of astragaloside Ⅳ in Shenfu Yiqi Anshen Mixture. Method: HPLC-ELSD was used to determine astragloside Ⅳ in Shenfuyiqi Anshen Mixture, The separation was performed on Appllo C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with the mixture of acetonitrile-water (36:64) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min^-1, and colume temperature at 30 ℃.The temperature of drift tube was 80 ℃ and zhe carrier flow was 2 L·min^-1.Resuts:The linear ranges of astragaloside Ⅳ was 2.032-12.192 μg (r=0.9999), with the average recovery rate were of 98.42%, RSD was 1.36%. Conclusion: The methods is simple, accurate, reproducible and it can used for the quality control of Shenfu Yiqi Anshen mixture.

Abstract:Objective: To revise and improve quality standards of Bupleuri Smithii Radix. Method: Cross-section microscopic characteristics and powder characteristics of Bupleuri Smithii Radix were investigated by pharmacognosy study.According to drug standard methods in appendix of 2010 edition of 'Chinese Pharmacopoeia’, moisture, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, alcohol-soluble extractives and contents of bioactive constituents in ten batches of Bupleuri Smithii Radix were determined. Result: Properties and microscopic characteristics of Bupleuri Smithii Radix were revised, and its TLC identification method was established;Moisture limit of Bupleuri Smithii Radix was ≤10.0%, total ash limit was ≤9.0%, acid insoluble ash limit was ≤3.1%, alcohol-soluble extractive limit was ≥15%, total mass fraction limit of saikosaponin-a and saikosaponin-d was ≥0.2%. Conclusion: Quality standards of Bupleuri Smithii Radix was improved, it could be used revision of this Chinese materia medica.

Abstract:Objective: To study secondary metabolites of mangrove endophytic fungus No·ZH-4d from the south china sea. Method: The compounds were isolated by column chromatography and identified on the basia of physic-chemical constants and spectral analysis. Result: Six metabolites were obtained and elucidated as citrinin (1), tenellic acid C (2), tenellic acid A (3), terretonin (4), echinulin (5), (E) -4, 6-dimethoxy-3-[4-oxo-5-(prop-1-enyl)-4H-pyran-2-yl]-isobenzofuran-1 (3H)-one (6). In the preliminary bioassay, 1 show strong inhibittory activity on the KB, KBv200 with IC₅₀ values of 0.08, 0.09 mmol·L^-1, respectively. Conclusion: The six metabolites were obtained from endophytic fungus No·ZH-4d for the first time.

Abstract:Objective: To study the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extracts from Stenoloma chusanum. Method: Use silica gel column chromato-graphy and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography to separate and purify the compounds. Structure identification was carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. Result: Thirteen compounds were separated and purified from ethyl acetate parts of S. chusanum, and identified as β-sitosterol (1), 4-hydr-oxy-2, 6-dimethoxy-benzoic acid (2), daucosterol (3), apigenin (4), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosid (5), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid (6), syringic acid (7), protocatechuic aldehyde (8), 2, 5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid (9), protocatechuic acid (10), fraxetin (11), 6-chlorine-apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosid (12), vitexin (13). Conclusion: Compound 6 and 12 are discovered from Stenoloma for the first time.

Abstract:Objective: To explore the distribution of the total alkaloid in the Fritillaria ussuriensis, to provide the data basis for the ground part of the F. ussuriensis development and utilization. Method: Thin-layer chromatography was used to preliminary determine whether the alkaloid components in F. ussuriensis different growth area were the same, and total alkaloid content of different origin and growth period of Fritillaria ussuriensis aboveground and underground part by acid dye colorimetry. Result: Therewas a difference in F. ussuriensis alkaloid component of different growth area. Total alkaloid contents in cultivated F. ussuriensis ground parts of the vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting period were 2.361, 2.310, 2.193 times more than underground parts. Wild F. ussuriensis aerial parts of vegetative growth, flowering phase were 1.870, 1.496 times more than underground parts. Conclusion: In F. ussuriensis plants' total alkaloid content with some fluctuations, and different growth parts of the alkaloid component there is a difference, but in general the total alkaloid content of F. ussuriensis ground stems and leaves was significantly higher than the underground bulbs, so there is a certain development and utilization value.

Abstract:Objective: To isolate and identify saponins from Zhuang-medicine Gocaekmbaw (Gynostemma pentaphyllum) after heat-processing. Method: The leaves of gocaekmbaw were steam-heated at 125 ℃ and 0.24 MPa for 3 h, then extracted with 80% ethanol for 3 h. The extracts were isolated with chromatography using HP-20, silica gel and reversed ODS column. The constituents isolated from gocaekmbaw after heat-processing were identified with ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and LCMS-IT-TOF spectra. Result: Two different configurations of saponins were obtained from the heat-processed Gocaekmbaw. They were identified as 20 (R) -ginsenoside Rg₃ and 20 (S)-ginsenoside Rg₃ and there was no data reported before the present study. Conclusion: Through the method of heat-processing, ginsenoside Rg₃ can be gained from Gocaekmbaw. This may offer a new direction to the preparation of ginsenoside Rg₃.

Abstract:Objective: To determine and compare the content of 18 amino acids from the Semen Platycladi Herbs of different origins. Method: Pre-column derivatization HPLC method was used for determination of amino acid content.The hydrochloric of Semen Platycladi Herbs with 6 mol·L^-1 hydrochloric acid solution was at 110 ℃, 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene as the pre-column derivatization reagent.Elite-AAK amino acid analysis column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) ;the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (1:1)-buffer solution, the flow rate was set at 1.2 mL·min^-1, gradient elution, detection wavelength was 360 nm, the column temperature was 27 ℃. Result: The linear correlation of 18 amino acids was larger than 0.999 1, each amino acids recoveries between 98.03%-103.21%, recoveries average of 100.36%, RSD≤1.77%. Conclusion: Pre-column derivatization HPLC method for determination of amino acids from the Semen Platycladi Herbs is feasible, which reveals the foundation of the relationship between quality and origin of the Semen Platycladi.

Abstract:Objective: To isolate the endophytic fungi from Cephalotaxus fortunei and investigate their antimicrobial activities. Method: Endophytic fungi were isolated by tissue-culture method and antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi were investigated by using filter paper method and the active strains were preliminarily identified by morphological and molecular method. Result: Thirty strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots, stems and leaves of wild C. fortunei in Qinba mountain. 20 strains (66.67%) showed antimicrobial activity against one or more of the tested microbes, and the strain CFEF013 has strong inhibition activity to all target strains. By morphological and molecular identification, 7 strains with strong antimicrobial activity were classified into genera of Fusarium (4 strains), Cytospora (1 strains), Pestalotiopsis (1 strain) and Mucor (1 strain). Conclusion: There are multiple endophytic fungi in C. fortunei, and their metabolites have good antimicrobial activities.

Abstract:Objective: To determine equilibrium solubility of 10-methoxycamptothecin (10-MCPT) in various media and its partition coefficients for the n-octanol-water/buffer solution systems which would settle fundament for the design and manufacture of a new dosage form. Method: HPLC was used to determine equilibrium solubilities of 10-MCPT. Using shake flask method determination of 10-MCPT in octanol-water/buffer liquid apparent oil-water partition coefficient of system. Result: For the first time 10-MCPT in 10 kinds of solvents and pH buffer solution of solubility were identified, at 25 ℃ when the 10-MCPT equilibrium solubility in water of 1.01 mg·L^-1, the chloroform-methanol 1:1, chloroform and methanol had good solubility in organic solvents. The equilibrium solubility in acid buffer solution was a slight increase in water;in alkaline buffer solution of the equilibrium solubility increases with pH increased;at 25 ℃ 10-MCPT was octanol/water apparent partition coefficient of 29.15 lg (P=1.46), are in octanol/pH 1.0 apparent oil-water partition coefficient is larger in the phosphate buffer [57.29]lg (P=1.76). Conclusion: 10-MCPT poorly soluble in water and slightly soluble in methanol and other organic solvents. Increases of the pH can increase the solubility of 10-MCPT, under the condition of strong acid 10-MCPT have larger oil-water partition coefficient.

Abstract:Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics research on ophiopogonins components in rats. The acquisitions in this paper include the standard curve of ophiopogonins in rat plasma and linear range, the description of concentration-time curve of ophiopogonins and the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters of ophiopogonins. Method: The pharmacokinetics research on phiopogonins in rat was conducted by means of intravenous injection and intragastric administration. Intravenous injection dose of ophiopogon japonicus extract at 200 mg·kg^-1 was applied to each rat through the tail vein. Serial blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes from the orbital sinus. Pharmacokinetic parameters in rat plasma were calculated by compartmental models using the WinNonlin 6.1 software. Result: 5 minutes after the intravenous injection, 50 types of ophiopogonins components were detected in the plasma of rat, and 28 of them were calculated to pharmacokinetic coefficients. Conclusion: According to the result of proportion and plasma exposure, the ophiopogonins components show differential pharmacokinetics characteristics. Based on the relative exposure approach, pharmacokinetic coefficients are e obtained. The results suggested that part of ophiopogonins components has high exposure level in rat plasma and possess high area under curve (AUC), while the other types of ophiopogonins has relative low exposure level and low AUC.

Abstract:Objective: To study the influence of Wuzi Yanzong pills on apoptosis of neural tube cells in neural tube defects (NTDs) model induced by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Method: BALB/c females and males (ratio 2:1) were caged together overnight. Checked for the presence of a vaginal plug, the females were diagnosed as pregnant mice. Pregnant mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, the group of early administration of Wuzi Yanzong pills, the group of simultaneous administration of Wuzi Yanzong pills and ATRA, and the group of late administration of Wuzi Yanzong pills. Each Wuzi Yanzong pills group was divided into three subgroups of high, middle and low doses (4.20, 2.10, 1.05 g·kg^-1). Model group and three subgroups of group of early administration of Wuzi Yanzong pills and group of simultaneous administration of Wuzi Yanzong pills and ATRA and group of late administration of Wuzi Yanzong pills were once fed with 50 mg·kg^-1 ATRA at embryo 7 d. After pregnant mice were sacrificed at embryo 11 d, embryos were separated. The embryos were performed by preparation for sections using the staining of HE and TUNEL, which were used to observe the development of neural tube and calculate apoptotic index. Result: The neural tube developed well and completely closed in normal group. The neural tube appeared dysplasia in model group. The neural tube developed well, and consisted of ependymal layer, mantle layer and marginal layer, and neuroepithelial cells arranged in order in groups of early administration of middle and high dose Wuzi Yanzong pills and groups of simultaneous administration of middle and high dose Wuzi Yanzong pills and ATRA. The neural tube appeared dysplasia, and neuroepithelial cells reduced and arranged in disorder in groups of late administration of middle and high dose Wuzi Yanzong pills and the groups of low dose Wuzi Yanzong pills. Compared with the normal group, the apoptotic index in the group of early administration of high dose Wuzi Yanzong pills have no statistically significant difference, but the apoptotic index in other groups were significantly increased. Compared with the model group, the apoptotic index in the groups of early administration of middle and high dose Wuzi Yanzong pills and the groups of simultaneous administration of middle and high dose Wuzi Yanzong pills and ATRA were significantly decreased;but the apoptotic index in the groups of late administration of middle and high dose Wuzi Yanzong pills and the groups of low dose Wuzi Yanzong pills showed no statistically significant decline. Conclusion: Wuzi Yanzong pills can inhibit the apoptosis of neural tube cells in NTDs model.

Abstract:Objective: To prepare nanoparticles containing polysaccharides from Chinese Yam by using wet grinding, and opyomize the best prescription by central composite design. Method: To distribute test average particle size and particle size distribution by SALD-2201 laser particle size. Studies on 6 in vitro antioxidant indexes superoxide anion as free radical and hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, DPPH, reduction potentials and metal chelating. Result: optimal preparation of Chinese Yam polysaccharides on nanoparticles technology as Liquid is 1:24, ball mill is 36 h, speed time of ball mill is 360 r·min^-1.The size of made from Nano-particle as 1% size is 186 nm, 80.0% size is 575 nm. Conclusion: The antioxidant in vitro experiments confirmed that the yams over nanoparticles in vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Chinese Yam polysaccharides.

Abstract:Objective: To carry out decomposition study on effects of Lianli Tang on colon and peripheral blood inflammatory factors in TNBS-induced rat model. Method: Lianli Tang were divided into three groups, tonify the spleen drugs (Panax Ginseng, Poria cocos, Atractylodes macrocephala koidz, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma; symbol as A), Warming the middle and dissipating cold drugs (Zingiberis Rhizoma;symbol as B), clearing heat and drying dampness drugs (Coptidis Rhizoma; symbol as C), as three factors to design the experiment using orthogonal design table L₈ (2⁷), set up 1-7 group and UC group, then add sulfasalazine (SASP) and normal controls group (Control). Sprague Dawley rats were used to duplicate UC model by TNBS/ethanol solution through enema, 1-7 group was administrated respectively by Lianli Tang decompositions through intragastric treatment, which the corresponding doses is 1.02, 1.47, 0.98, 1.24, 0.29, 0.145, 0.087 g·kg^-1, SASP group rats were fed by sulfasalazine (0.4 g·kg^-1). Cytokines of peripheral blood and colon were observed after rats were treated for 14 days. Result: Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), interleukin-1α ( IL-1α) of UC rats were increased significantly than control (P<0.01), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression were also significantly enhanced, A of Liali Tang significantly affect the effect of inhibiting colon Cox-2 (P<0.05), each factors except the whole formula, have no effect in regulating colonic IL-1α, A×B significantly affected the results (P<0.05) in reducing colonic TNF-α, C, A×C (P<0.01) and B, B×C (P<0.05) in inhibiting colon tissue inhibitor of metall oproteimses 1 (TIMP-1) levels. Serum IL-1α, TNF-α of UC rats decreased apparently, each decomposition factor had no effect on the result;serum TIMP-1 was obviously increased, decomposition C show effect on inhibiting TIMP-1 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tonify the spleen drugs played a major role in the overall effect of Lianli Tang, Warm the middle and dissipate cold drugs and its compatibility with tonify the spleen drugs also play an important role.

Abstract:Objective: To explore the effect of ginsenoside on retinal Müller cell activity under the conditions of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Method: Modified enzyme-digesting method was used to culture SD rat retinal Müller cells, retinal Müller cells were then cultured in low (terminal concentration:75 mg·L^-1) dose of AGEs conditions and high (terminal concentration:150 mg·L^-1) dose of AGEs conditions, ginsenoside Rg₁, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb₁ and ginsenoside extractions were added to culture medium respectively. At 24, 48, 72 hours after incubation, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content of extracellular fluid were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine Müller cell activity. Result: Compared with normal group the LDH leakage was significantly increased in the low dose of AGEs group at 72 h (P<0.05), whereas there was no difference at 24 h and 48 h;compared with normal group and low dose of AGEs group the LDH leakage were significantly increased in the high dose of AGEs group at each period (P<0.05) ;ginsenoside Rg₁, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb₁ and ginsenoside extractions could significantly decrease the LDH leakage in the low dose of AGEs group at 48 h and 72 h, and in the high dose of AGEs group at each period (P<0.05). Conclusion: AGEs caused a significant increase of the membrane permeability of retinal Müller cell, decreased the activity of retinal Müller cell, which was related to the time and concentration of intervention;ginsenoside Rg₁, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb₁ and ginsenoside extractions could decrease the membrane permeability, could stabilize cells' membrane and enhance the activity of retinal Müller cell in AGES conditions, in particular, the effect of ginsenoside extractions is significant.

Abstract:Objective: To determine the antioxidant activity of the total salvianolic acid from Salvia deserta Schang. Method: The extraction and purification of the salvianolic acid were prepared by using 40% ethanol extracted and macroporous adsorption resin purified respectively. The antioxidant activities of the extraction and purification of the total salvianolic acid were determined by·DPPH, ·OH, O₂^-· scavenging experiments and Fe³⁺ reduction capacity experiments in vitro.Results were compared with that of positive control vitamin C (VC). Result: The·DPPH scavenging assay of the extraction and purification of the total salvianolic acid (IC₅₀0.029, 0.039 g·L^-1) were weaker than VC (IC₅₀ 0.018 g·L^-1). The·OH scavenging assay (IC₅₀ 0.212, 0.165 g·L^-1) were higer than VC (IC₅₀ 0.356 g·L^-1).The O₂^-·scavenging assay (IC₅₀ 3.735, 1.913 g·L^-1) were weaker than VC (IC₅₀ 0.390 g·L^-1). The purificiation also has a certain reduction capacity. Conclusion: The total salvianolic acid from S. deserta possessed high antioxidant activity.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of optimized Huoxue Tongfu (OHT) formula for peritoneal adhesion, to ensure the optimum dosage. Method: Forty-eight male rats were divided randomly into 6 groups:pseudo-operation group, model group, low dose OHT formula group, medium dose OHT formula group and high dose (OHT) formula group and Simo decoction group. All the rats were molded into peritoneal adhesion by file except those in pseudo-operation group. We observed and estimated the peritoneal adhesion and general situation of rats, Elisa method was used to measure the serum level of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the expression of collagen Ⅰ (Col-Ⅰ) mRNA in adhesional tissue. Result: Compared to pseudo-operation group, in the model group all layers of the intestinal wall showed vessel dilatation, edema, serous layer obviously lymphocyte infiltration, hyperplasia of fibroblasts. The muscular layer structure were morphologically complete, the placenta percreta were slightly thickened and no obvious hyperplasia were found in the fibrous connective tissue in placenta percreta of all the other groups. Compared with the model group, the medium dosage group of optimized Huoxue Tongfu formula, serum IL-8 and TNF-α levels were (154.2±16.2), (58.2±6.4) ng·L^-1, but the level of IL-10 (58.2±6.4) ng·L^-1increased, while decreased expression of Col-ⅠmRNA adhesion tissues (0.41±0.11), there was significant statistical significance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Simo decoction group could also reduce abdominal adhesion score and serum IL-8 and TNF-α levels, elevated IL-10 levels, but compared with the medium dosage group of OHT formula the difference marked (P<0.05). Conclusion: The medium dosage group of OHT formula can suppress inflammation and relieve peritoneal adhesion by regulating the serum level of IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α, reducing the deposition of the Col-ⅠmRNA of extracellular matrix.

Abstract:Objective: To discuss the dose-effect relationship of maxingshigan decotion (MXSGD) in anti-asthmatic effects, and reveal characteristics of dose-effect relationship of Chinese compound preliminarily. Method: The influences of the 9 dose groups of MXSGD on the histamine phosphate induced asthma in guinea pigs were recorded and analyzed by the biological signal collection system, its dose-response curve was drawn in a dose as abscissa, effect as ordinate and the dose-effect relationship of multiple linear regression analysis. Result: MXSGD 1.33, 3.0, 10.13 g·kg^-1 could significantly prolong the incubation period of asthma (P<0.05), the dose-effect relationship between the asthma incubation period of equationwas Y=86.31+1.2X-0.063X²;MXSGD could significantly shorten the duration of asthma (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the dose-effect relationship equation asthma duration effect Y=13.99+0.44X-0.014X². Conclusion: The dose-effect relationship of maxingshigan decotion in anti-asthmatic effects is a non-linear, with the increase of the dose, indexes of effect on asthma animal model is increased.

Abstract:Objective: To study the effects of Weipixiao, which has functions of fortifying the spleen, dissipating blood stasis, and detoxifying, on gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) and the related molecular mechanisms. Method: SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Weimeisu group (0.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1), Weipixiao high dose, middle dose and low dose groups (15, 7.5, 3.75 g·kg^-1·d^-1). Except for normal group, the rats in other groups were provided with spontaneous intake of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) solution, irregular diet and purgative herbs to establish GPL rat model for 18 consecutive weeks. At the beginning of 9th week, the mediation groups were provided with treatment for 10 weeks at corresponding doses mentioned above, and the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B ( NF-κB) p65 in gastric mucosal epithelial cells was observed. Result: Compared with normal group, the scores of NF-κB p65 expression in gastric mucosal epithelial cells of the model group were significantly higher (P<0.01), but decreased in three different dosage of Weipixiao groups (P<0.05), particularly in Weipixiao low dose group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Weipixiao could significantly inhibit the aberrant activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, down-regulating the expression of NF-κB p65 protein.Weipixiao, might probably inhibit the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of atypical cells, as a consequence it can prevent and cure gastric precancerous lesions.

Abstract:Objective: This study was to determine the effect of the Bushen Kangshuai tablet on nitric xidesynthase (NOS) /nitric oxide (NO) -cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway and its associated protein nitrative modification influence in atherosclerotic rabbits. Method: Fifty-six rabbits were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Bushen Kangshuai tablet therapeutic group (1 g·kg^-1·d^-1) and simvastatin therapeutic group (5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1). The blood sample of all animals were collected before administration, after supplementing with the 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks, the animals were sacrificed under aseptic conditions. Aortic iNOS mRNA, p38-mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) mRNA expression was measured by Q-PCR method, the serum COX-2 activity and NO, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels were measured by ELISA, and eNOS protein level was detected by western blot analysis. Result: iNOS expression and protein tyrosine nitration could be detected in different periods of atherosclerosis, model group showed intimal thickening, thin fibrous cap, a large lipid plaque deposition. Significant ieduction of serum 3-NT levels was found when atherosclerosis occured, but Bushen Kangshuai tablets could decreased the expression of serum 3-NT levels, NO levels were significantly increased, while COX-2 activity did not change significantly. Bushen Kangshuai tablets significantly reduced the rabbit p38 MAPK levels. The model group showed a significant increase in iNOS and p38 MAPK gene expression. The simvastatin had a similar inhibitory effect of nitration. Conclusion: Bushen Kangshuai tablets in atherosclerotic lesions plays an important role in anti-nitration, the protective mechanism may regulate p38 MAPK mRNA, iNOS mRNA gene expression and iNOS/NO-COX-2 pathway related enzymes possibly through anti-nitration reaction to stabilize of the atherosclerotic plaques.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effect of Huatan Tongluo decoction on aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) protein expression of different brain tissues and S100β of blood serum in rats which use rt-PA thrombolysis after the acute cerebral infarction. Method: SD rats 240 were randomly divided into six groups, sham operation group, model group, rt-PA group, rt-PA Huatan Tongluo of Chinese medicine low dose group (3.6 g·kg^-1), rt-PA Huatan Tongluo of Chinese medicine middle dose group (7.2 g·kg^-1), rt-PA Huatan Tongluo of Chinese medicine high dose group (14.4 g·kg^-1). Using the embolus method prepares the MCAO rat model. rt-PA group and rt-PA Huatan Tongluo group use rt-PA thrombolytic therapy after thrombosis. In 6 hours group the Chinese medicine were given one time, after making mode successfully.In 24 hours group, given two times, after making mode successfully and 2 hours were killed.In 72 hours, given six times, from making mode successfully, two times one day, lasting three days.In 7 day group;given fourteen times, from making mode successfully, two times one day, lasting seven days. Then respectively observe the AQP-4 protein expression in rat cortex and hippocampus by Western blot method, and S100β of blood serum by ELISA method at 6, 24, 72 h, 7 days. Result: Every experimental group in different phases, the AQP-4 protein expression in different brain tissue and S100β of blood serum were highest at 6, 24 h maximum, 72 h, 7 d increased gradually to the level of 6 h. Compared with the model group at the same time the AQP-4 protein expression of middle dose group and high dose group of Chinese traditional medicine were significantly decreased at 24 h or 72 h or 7 d (P<0.05). There was no obvious concentration, but the overall trend showed that Chinese medicine middle dose group and high dose group can obviously decrease the expression of AQP-4.The S100β protein expression didn't show any significant differences in any group, but all have reduced in different degree, and the downward trend is more obvious in Chinese traditional medicine groups. Conclusion: The blood brain barrier structure and function was damaged most seriously at 24 h phase after thrombolysis treatment.Huatan Tongluo combined with rt-PA therapy can reduce AQP-4 expression of different brain tissues and S100β content of serum. So that it can protect the hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolytic treatment of acute cerebral infarction.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effects of Chuanjiao decoction (CJD) on mast cell (MC) degranulation in allergic conjunctivitis (AC) with mice. Method: Sixty-eight mice were randomlly divided into the normal group, the model group, the placebo group (12 mice), the low, medium, and high dose CJD groups. After induced allergic conjunctivtis by intraperitoneal injection ovalbumin, mice in the normal group and model group were not gastrogavage, mice in the placebo group were given 10 mL·kg^-1 normal saline by gastrogavage, once daily for 7 days. Mice in the low, medium, and high dose CJD groups were given with CJD 10 mL·kg^-1 at the dose of 5.25, 10.5, 21.0 g·kg^-1 by gastrogavage, once daily for 7 days. The conjunctiva tissue were dyed by immunohistochemisty staining, the number of total MC and degranulated MC were counted.The concentration of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), histamine (HIS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in mice serum were measured by ELISA. The mRNA expression of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and TNF-α in mice conjunctiva were detected using RT-PCR. Result: Compared with the normal group, the number of total MC and degranulated MC were increased in the model and placebo group (P<0.01) ;the expression of PGD2, HIS and TNF-α in mice serum significantly increased in the model and placebo group (P<0.01). The expression of IL-4 and TNF-α in mice conjunctiva significantly increased in the model and placebo group (P<0.01). Compared with the model and placebo group, the number of total MC and degranulated MC were decreased in the CJD groups (P<0.01); the expression of PGD2, HIS and TNF-α in mice serum significantly decreased in the CJD groups (P<0.01) ;the expression of IL-4 and TNF-α in mice conjunctiva significantly decreased in the CJD groups (P<0.01). There was no statistical difference among the CJD groups. Conclusion: The action mechanism of CJD in treating AC might be achieved through stabilized and inhibited degranulation of mast cells.

Abstract:Objective: To study the effects of Mongolian pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei ingredients pill (BSIP) on function of nerve-endocrine-immune in chronic unpredictable stress depression rat and therapeutic mechanism of depression. Method: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups according to the sugar consumption test and body weight (10 rats in each group) :Normal control group, model group, Fluoxetine group (3.3 mg·kg^-1) and high dose, medium dose and low dose group (0.25, 0.5, 1 g·kg^-1) of BSIP.Except the normal control, the other groups were treated with the chronic unpredictable mild stress stimulation combined with lonely raising for 28 days.10 mL·kg^-1 drugs was given to the rats, once daily, continuously for 28 days. After the experiment blood samples were collected and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) was used to detect corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT), 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine (T₃), 3, 5, 3', 5'-tetraiodothyronine (T₄), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), interleukin-2 (IL-2), the content of interleukin-6 (IL-6), and take the thymus, spleen to calculate thymus index, and spleen index. Result: compared with normal control group, model group rats serum CRH, ACTH, CORT, T₃, IL-6 levels increased significantly (P<0.01), the TSH levels, spleen index significantly decreased (P<0.01) ;Compared with model group, in the fluoxetine group and BSIP group, the serum CRH, ACTH, CORT, T₃, IL-6 content significantly decreased (P<0.01 or P<0.01) ;the TSH levels increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01) ;in the BSIP group, the spleen index increased significan tly (P<0.01), especially in the BSIP high dose group, it was significant. Conclusion: BSIP can adjust the depression model rats hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis function, and immune function, this could be one of mechanisms.

Abstract:Objective: To study anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Shangzhongxia generic gout decoction (SGGD) on sodium urate induced acute gouty arthritis (GA). Method: 60 rats were randomly divided into six groups, the control group, the model group, indomethacin group, SGGD high dose group, middle dose group, low dose group (20, 10, 5 g·kg^-1), 10 in each group. SGGD was given once each day for 7 days.1 h after the last administration, according to the classical method Coderre, in addition to the control group, and rats in the remaining five groups were injected ankle injection of sodium urate crystal solution to establish acute gouty arthritis model. The degree of joint swelling were measured the, Flow cytometry was used to detect the content of peripheral blood Th17 cells, ELISA was used to detect serum IL-17, IL-6. Result: SGGD inhibited sodium urate induced ankle pain, decreased the levels of Th17 in peripheral blood, in high dose group, Th17 cells (1.65±0.25) % was significantly lower than that in the model group (3.25±0.96) %. Th17 cell related inflammatory factor IL-17 (0.54±0.09) μg·L^-1 was significantly lower than that in the model group (0.69±0.07) μg·L^-1. Inflammatory IL-6 content was obviously lower than that in the model group (P<0.05). Conclusion: SGGD has better therapeutic effect on sodium urate gouty arthritis, the mechanism may be related to the decreasing Th17 cells and the level of inflammatory factors IL-17, IL-6.

Abstract:Objective: To probe the oxidative mechanism of schisandrin B (Sch B) on antiproliferation of neonatal rat cardiac fibroblast induced by AngII. Method: Cultured neonatal cardiac fibroblast (CFb) cells were randomly divided into control, AngiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ), 10^-1μmol·L^-1) and three doses of Sch B groups (SchB 1, 10, 30 μmol·L^-1).Trypsin digestion and spectrophotometer method were used to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Flow cytometry was adopted to test mitochondrial membrane potential level. Laser confocal microscope technology was applied to measure intracellular calcium level. Result: SOD activity and MDA level in AngII group was lower and higher than that of control respectively (P<0.01), Sch B (1-30 μmol·L^-1) elevated SOD activity and drop MDA level of CFb (P<0.05 or P<0.01) respectively.mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) was increased (Sch B 10, 30 μmol·L^-1) and calcium intensity was declined (1, 30 μmol·L^-1) after Sch B treatment and have dramatic difference compared with that in AngⅡgroup. Conclusion: Sch B can elevate the free radical scavenging ability via enhancing SOD activity and decrease MDA level in CFb, these effects are related to increasing MMP levels and inhibiting the intracellular calcium concentration, therefore suppressing the generation of oxidized substances related to CFb proliferation.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the antianxiety effects of Acorus tatarinowii and to explore its mechanism of action. Method: The Kunming male mice were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=12), the model group, control group, positive control group diazepam (DZP), volatile oil of A. tatarinowii (VO) high dose group, middle dose group and low dose group (10, 5, 2.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1), water decoction of A. tatarinowii (WD) high dose group, middle dose group and low dose group (20, 15, 10 g·kg^-1·d^-1), the model control group intragastric administration physiological saline, positive control group intragastric administration DZP (2.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1), continuous intragastric administration five days, 0.5 h after the last intragastric administration, do the elevated plus maze test and light-dark transitions test, to observe the intervention effect of A. tatarinowii Schott on anxiety behavior in mice. Determine the content of r-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid (Glu), serotonin (5-HT) in the mice brain by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Result: ①The VO high, low dose group and WD low dose group could significantly increase the mouse open arms in the elevated plus maze apparatuson the retention time of residence time than the open arm (OT) % (P<0.05) ;The VO high, middle dose group and WD middle, low dose group could obviously increase the number of open arm of mice in the elevated plus maze apparatus into the number of the number of open arm ratio (OE) % (P<0.05). ②The VO dose group and WD high dose group could significantly increase the content of GABA in brain tissue of mice (P<0.05).The VO middle, low group and WD dose group could significantly reduce the content of Glu in brain of mice (P<0.05). The VO dose group and WD dose group could significantly reduce the content of 5-HT in brain of mice (P<0.05). Conclusion: The VO dose group and WD dose group of A.tatarinowii in mice with elevated plus maze model and light-dark transitions test model showed anti anxiety effect, its effect is similar with diazepam. The mechanism may be related to the increasing GABA content, reducing the content of 5-HT and Glu.

Abstract:Objective: Discussed the clinical effects of Jianpi Shugan decoction to treat fatigability sub-health with seismic prevention and disaster mitigation workers. Method: One hundred and twenty five cases with fatigability sub-health were randomly divided into control group (62 cases) and observation group (63 cases) by random number table.The patients in the control group were accepted dietary daily life guidance according to physical situation. Patients in the observation group added Jianpi Shugan decoction on the basis of the control group therapy, 1 does/day.Treatment courses continued 8 weeks.Record fatigue scale-14 (FS-14) scores and cardinal symptom scores of liver depression spleen insufficiency. Besides conduct physical identification before and after treatment.Evaluate life quality according the world health organization quality of life brief scale (WHOQOL—BRIEF). Result: After treatment, by FS-14 score, the total effective rate of the observation group was 92.06% superior to 77.42% of the control group (P<0.05).And the total effective rate of liver depression and spleen deficiency of the observation group was 90.48% superior to 72.58% of the control group (P<0.05).For the observation group, the score of FS-14 body tired, mental fatigue and total score were all lower than that of the control group (P<0.01).Besides the scores of the main symptoms such as lassitude, sleepy, fullness chest and hypochondrium in observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01).And the mild physical in observation group was 69.8% which higher than 37.1% in control group (P<0.05).Scores of subject feeling of physiology, mentality, social relations, life quality and physical condition in the observation group were higher than the scores in control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Jianpi Shugan decoction can reduce the earthquake rescue workers health (liver stagnation and spleen deficiency type) FS-14 fatigue, mental fatigue and score of main symptoms, reduce liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome score. To promote Fatigue sub healthy physique xiang ping and qualitative change, improve the quality of life of patients.

Abstract:Objective: Investigate Dalitong granule the clinical effect the influence to motilin, gastrin and electrogastrogram when be used in diabetic gastroparesis (DGP). Method: Ninety patients were randomly divided into control group (45 cases) and observation group (45 cases).And setting pure diabetes mellitus (DM) as control group (15 cases).Patients in the two groups were treated with conventional treatment. Patients in the control group were treated with itopride hydrochloride tablets, 50 mg/time, 3 times/d, taken before meals.Patients in the observation group were treated with Dalitong granule, 6 g/time, 3 times/day, taken before meals.the treatment courses of the two groups were both 12 weeks.Before and after treatment, determining the level of plasma motilin and gastrin by radioimmunoassay. Determining electrogastrogram, recordding main symptoms and sign grade before and after treatment. Result: The total effective rate of the observation group was 91.11% superior to 73.33% of the control group (P<0.05), Before treatment, the level of plasma molitin and gastrin of the two groups were both higher than those of the pure diabetes mellitus (DM) group (P<0.01), after treatment, the level of plasma molitin and gastrin of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.01), and the dominant power before meal, main frequency of the observation group were both higher than those of the control group, the rate of bradygastria was lower than that of the control group (P<0.01), after treatment, the main symptoms and sign score of the two groups both decreased (P<0.01), and for the observation group, the main symptoms and sign score were both lower than those of the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Dalitong granule for the DGP patients, it can promote peristole, improve motive power of the stomach, and there was regulation gastrointestinal hormone and a certain degree of clinical efficacy.

Abstract:Objective: The purpose is to discuss the efficacy of Bufei Huoxue decoction combined Salmeterol Fluticasone on cure of chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) curative effect and the influence of α₁-antitrypsin (α₁-AT) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Method: The 72 patients diagnose clearly with COPD were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Each group were (36 cases). Both groups were given western medicine treatment as routine oxygen, eliminating phlegm et.Patients in control group took Salmeterol Fluticasone, 1 inhalation/time, 2 does/day.on the basis of the control treatment, patients in observation group plus therapy of Bufei Huoxue decoction, 1 does/day.Treatment courses for the two groups continued 12 weeks.Detect lung function, evaluate athletic ability by 6 min walking distance (6 MWD) and adopt COPD life quality scale (CAT questionnaire) to evaluate life quality before and after treatment.Besides test the level of α₁-AT and IL-8 around treatment. Result: Analyzing by Ridit, the total curative effect of the observation group was superior to the control group (P<0.05), after treatment, forced vital capacity (FVC) of the observation group, the FEV₁ volume of the observation group and FEV₁/FVC were all higher than that of the control group (P<0.01), after treatment 6 MWD of the observation group was superior to the control group (P<0.01), and the grade of CAT of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.01), and alpha 1-antitrypsin of the observation group was higher than that before therapy (P<0.01), which higher than that of the control group (P<0.01), Besides, the level of Serum IL-8 of the two groups were lower than that before therapy (P<0.01), and level of Serum IL-8 of the observation group was lower than that of control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: At the COPD stable phase, it can improve patients' lung function when Bufei Huoxue decoction combined with Salmeterol Fluticasone, and improve the exercise capacity and quality of life of patients, there was a significant curative effect, and the mechanism of action may be related to inhibiting inflammatory response.

Abstract:Objective: Explore soft liver chemical fiber mixture joint adefovir capsule on the clinical effect of qi-stagnancy and blood stasis type liver fibrosis. Method: The treatment group 82 examples using soft liver chemical fiber mixture joint adefovir capsule treatment; the control group 82 patients taking adefovir capsule and other conventional protect liver drugs. After 12 months observation serum immunology and the ultrasonic index index. Result: After treatment, the treatment group patients with liver function index, liver fibrosis indexes and ultrasonics index significantly lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Soft liver fiber mixture combined with adefovir dipivoxil capsules can improve liver fibrosis and ultrasonic liver function, qi-stagnancy and blood stasis type hepatitis B liver fibrosis indexes, with treatment and reversing hepatic fibrosis.

Abstract:Objective: Gengnianling decoction clinical effects on of women in the menopausal syndrome (MPS) (yin deficiency of liver and kidney) cure and its influence on nerve-endocrine-immune network. Method: Eighty-six cases of patients with MPS yin deficiency of liver and kidney were randomly divided into control group (43 cases) and observation group (43 cases) according to digital method.Both groups were received properly psychological counselling treatment, diet and exercise guidance.Patients in the control group took Kuntai capsule, 4 pieces/time, 3 times/day.Patients in observation group took Gengnianling decoction, 1 does/day, decoction is taken 2 times. Treatment for two groups 12 weeks.Record KI scores, test the levels of serum estradiol (E₂), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) before and after treatment.Detect the level of plasma β-endorphin (β-EP), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) around treatment. Result: The total effective rate of disease curative effect in the observation group was 100% superior to 81.4% of the control group (P<0.05).After treatment, the KI (Kupperman index) scores of the two groups were both lower than those before treatment, and he KI scores of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.01).Besides, severity condition classification of the illness of the two groups both relieved (P<0.01), and severity condition classification of the illness of the observation group was lighter than that of the control group (P<0.05).E₂ level of the two groups both increased obviously, and E₂ level of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.01).The level of FSH and LH of the two groups both decreased, and the level of FSH and LH of the was lower than that of the control group (P<0.01).the level of β-EP, 5-HT and IL-2 of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Gengnianling decoction can regulate the liver kidney yin deficiency syndrome of menopausal patients with nerve-endocrine immune network function, has better clinical curative effect.

Abstract:Objective: To systematically appraise the effect and the safety of Xiyanping and Ribavirin in treatment of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD). Method: To search the reports about randomized controlled trials of Xiyanping, and evaluate the researching quality. Then the Meta analysis will be carried out for those reports satisfying some criteria. Result: 10 randomized controlled trials, which were equal or excess than 3 Jadad scores, were included into the systematic review. A Meta-analysis showed that the combination of Xiyanping and routine treatment had better efficacy on both overall clinical manifestations and diadynamic criteria than the Ribavirin monotherapy. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) from the comparison of the improvement on overall clinical manifestations were 3.01 and 2.41-4.23 respectively. The results of improving levels of fever clearance time, deflorescence time and oral herpes subside time were the following:WMD=-0.85, 95%CI (from-0.99 to-0.71), P<0.000 01;WMD=-1.65, 95%CI (from-1.82 to-1.47), P<0.000 01 and WMD=-0.87, 95%CI (from-1.03 to-0.71), P<0.000 01, respectively. The OR and 95% CI of comparison of the incidence of ADR were 0.39 and 0.19-0.78 respectively. Conclusion: The combination of Xiyanping and routine treatment may have better effectiveness and safety for HFMD than the Ribavirin treatment had. Nevertheless, because of the unclear methodological quality of the included studies, the results of our Meta-analysis may possibly be of much bias. Further well-designed clinical studies are required for the evaluation of Xiyanping for the treatment of HFMD.

Abstract:To provide valuable reference for excipient research and development, review characterization methods and applications of the solid excipients physico-chemical parameters. The monographs and literatures in characterization methods of the solid excipients powder flow, melting temperature, viscosity, particle size and particle size distribution, optical rotation, crystallinity, crystal type were retrieved and consulted. The characterization and specific application in solid excipients research was analyzed and summarized. The physico-chemical parameters of solid excipients characterization were comprehensively considered or combined with a suitable choice of characterization methods, and tend to take advantage of new technologies and new ways to more fully and effectively characterize the physico-chemical parameters of the excipients. Joint use appropriate characterization of the physico-chemical parameters of the solid excipients could effectively control the quality of the excipients, and the solid excipients research and development to provide a reference.

Abstract:The stephania tetrandra, which contains tetrandrine and fangchinoline, is traditionally used as ananalgesic, antirheumatic, and antihypertensive drug in China. Recently, chemical composition and pharmacological activities of stephania tetrandra have been widely reported.Pharmacological experiments and clinical reports show that stephania tetrandra has multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, altered muhidrug resistance, neuroprotection and so on.Based on the research literature, this review will focus on recent developments concerning the pharmacology of stephania tetrandra, it shows a good prospect to make good use of its effective components.

Abstract:To revievo the application of data mining technology in the research of medical case. Medical case study is an important means of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).Data mining technology is an important tool in medical case research.Along with the change of medical data sources and mining purposes, mining method is increasing constantly update.Only the man-machine combination can guarantee the reliability of mining results.So the medical case of live and famous specialist of TCM further mining is particularly urgent.Inheritance research platform to constantly build based on data mining technology should be shared, and promotion, integration and optimization should be applied, to promote the TCM academic progress.