Abstract:Objective: To analyze coexistence state and interaction among starch,pectin these two common polymer substances and small molecule active substances from water extract of traditional Chinese medicine. Method: Taking Huanglian Jiedu decoction as an example,computer simulation technology was adopted,steps as modeling of analysis materials,minimization of system energy,planning of total system energy,count of energy of common polymer materials taken alone,consideration of energy of small molecule active substances existed alone,interaction relationships with common polymer substances(starch,pectin) and small molecule active substances(berberine,palmatine,baicalin,geniposide) were analyzed. Result: Common polymer substances(starch,pectin) showed mutual attraction relationships with berberine and palmatine,showed weak mutual attraction relationship with baicalin,but there were mutual repulsion relationship with geniposide;Average interaction energy between starch to berberine,palmatine,baicalin,geniposide were -32.159,-28.630,-5.974,234.295 kcal·mol^-1, respectively;Average interaction energy between pectin to berberine,palmatine,baicalin,geniposide were -19.717,-19.804,-1.067,253.258 kcal·mol^-1, respectively;Separation easy degree between starch,pectin and small molecule active substances were in the order of geniposide >baicalin >palmatine >berberine. Conclusion: Van der Waals force played leading role in interaction of common polymer substances and small molecule active substances,but electrostatic interaction was small(3%-15%),size and direction of interaction energy related with spatial location of active substance.

Abstract:Objective: To prepare tanshinone Ⅱ_A-loaded polylactic acid-glycolic acid(PLGA) microspheres by SPG membrane emulsification technique. Method: Based on single factor tests,with composite score of drug loading,encapsulation efficiency and polydispersity index(PDI) as dependent variable,response surface methodology was adopted to optimize prescription process by taking flow rate of mobile phase,volume ratio of oil-water phase,PLGA and PVA concentration as independent variables. Result: Optimum prescription process was as follows:PLGA concentration 44.29 g·L^-1,circulation speed 825.68 r·min^-1,PVA concentration 2.5 g·L^-1 and volume ratio of oil-water 1 ：7.86;These prepared tanshinone Ⅱ_A-loaded PLGA microspheres had smooth rounded surface and uniform size with average size of 2.338 μm,PDI index of 0.328,drug loading efficiency of 1.20% and encapsulation efficiency of 89.57%,relative errors of these parameters were small by comparing with the predictive values. Conclusion: SPG membrane emulsification technique was simple and effective,it could improve bioavailability of tanshinone Ⅱ_A.

Abstract:Objective: To prepare total saponins of Trigonellae Semen with high purity. Method: Total saponins of Trigonellae Semen was extracted by ethanol refluxing method,then extract was dealt with different solvents systematically,including n-hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-buthanol.Chloroform effective part was purified through HPD-400 macroreticular resin.Total saponins in each steps and fractions was identified by chromogenic reaction and TLC,contents of total saponins were determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy. Result: Purity of total saponins in chloroform solvent extraction was 40% with yield of 6.28%;Purity of total saponins in water eluent was 80.5% with yield of 0.32%. Conclusion: This optimized process was convenient and efficient,it could lay foundation for pharmacodynamic study.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate correlation between physical properties and yield pressure of traditional Chinese medicine powder and to find out main factors affecting compressibility. Method: Compressibility was characterized by yield pressure of Heckel equation.Correlation between physical properties including angle of repose,collapse of angle,flat angle,water content,bulk density,tap density,moisture absorption, average particle size and yield pressure were investigated by multiple regression analysis. Result: Yield pressure of model drugs was in range of 52.76-261.64 MPa,yield pressures of Galla Chinensis extract,Ophiopogonis Radix extract and Lysimachiae Herba extract were greater than other substances.Regression equation showed angle of repose,tap density,moisture absorption and average particle size were positively correlated with yield pressure in measured range,but collapse of angle,flat angle,water content and bulk density were negatively correlated with yield pressure in measured range. Conclusion: Physical properties of traditional Chinese medicine powder had great effect on compressibility,wherein impact of angle of repose,moisture absorption,tap density and average particle size was comparatively great.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize processing technology of Saposhnikoviae Radix. Method: Taking composite score of contents of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisammioside,extract yield,water contents as index,effects of slice thickness,drying time and drying temperature on pieces quality were investigated by Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology,so as to optimize processing technology parameters of Saposhnikoviae Radix. Result: Optimal processing parameters were as follows:slice thickness 3-4 mm,drying temperature at 60 ℃,drying time 2 hours.Under these conditions,contents of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisammioside,extract yield,water contents were 0.917%,0.054%,20.45% and 5.110%,respectively. Conclusion: Optimized processing technology for Saposhnikoviae Radix was feasible and reasonable,it could provide a reference for quality control of Saposhnikoviae Radix pieces.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize formulation of paeonol proniosomes and investigate its transdermal performance. Method: Taking quality of cholesterol,soybean lecithin and span-60 as independent variables,average particle size and entrapment efficiency as dependent variable,various levels of independent variables were fitted by binomial equation,response surface methodology was used to optimize formulation,prediction was carried out through comparing the observed and predicted value.Franz diffusion cell test was adopted by taking physiological saline as acceptable liquid and nude mouse skin as membrane,HPLC was adopted to determine the content of paeonol,steady state permeation rate(J_s) and unit area cumulative percutaneous penetration amount(Q) of paeonol proniosomes,paeonol proniosomes oinements and ordinary ointments were compared. Result: Optimum formulation was as follows:cholesterol 7.53 mg,soybean lecithin 107.86 mg,span-60 74.49 mg, peaonol 5 mg;Encapsulation efficiency of these prepared paeonol proniosomes was 64.16%,average particle size was 11.15 μm,binomial model fitting was good.Q12 of paeonol proniosomes,paeonol proniosomes ointments and ordinary ointments were (125.54±8.87),(96.20±5.87),(75.83±18.42) μg·cm^-2,J_s were 10.327, 7.826,5.967 μg·cm^-2·h^-1,respectively. Conclusion: Central composite design-response surface methodology could accurately reflect interaction of multiple factors and levels,which was suitable for optimizing formulation.Penetration capacity of paeonol proniosomes and paeonol proniosomes ointments were higher than ordinary ointments.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize spray drying process of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus polysaccharides microcapsules and evaluate its quality and in vitro release pattern. Method: With chitosan as a carrier,Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus polysaccharides microcapsules was prepared by spray drying method,orthogonal design was adopted to investigate effects of quality rate of drug-chitosan,the mass fraction of chitosan,inlet velocity and inlet air temperature on preparation technology by taking composite score of yield and drug loading as index,quality of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus polysaccharides microcapsules was evaluated and investigate its in vitro release characteristics. Result: Optimal preparation process was as follows:drug-chitosan(1 ：3),the mass fraction of chitosan 2.0%,inlet air temperature 160 ℃,inlet velocity 5 mL·min^-1,air flow rate 600 L·h^-1;These prepared microcapsules had rounded smooth surface without adhesions,drug loading was 22.71%,yield was 62.04%,encapsulation efficiency was 83.27%,average particle size was 13.47 μm,cumulative release in 1,8 h were 47.86 and 84.19%,in vitro drug release profile could be described by Higuchi equation of Q=29.365t1/2+11.033(r=0.955 7) at 0-8 h. Conclusion: Entrapment efficiency of polysaccharides chitosan microcapsules prepared by spray drying method was high with some burst effects and sustained release performance.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate effects of ultrafiltration process on transmittance of active ingredients from Shengmai injection. Method: With transmittance of ginsenosides Rg₁,Re,Rb₁ and schisandrin as indexes,orthogonal test was adopted to investigate effects of temperature,pressure and polysulfone membrane aperture on ultrafiltration process of Shengmai injection.HPLC was adopted to determine contents of index components with mobile phase of acetonitrile(A)-water(B)(0-30 min,0%-10% A;30-40 min,10%-23% A;40-50 min,23% A;50-85 min,23%-60% A;85-95 min,60%-100% A) and detection wavelength at 203 nm. Result: The best ultrafiltration process was as follows:temperature45 ℃,pressure 11 psi,polysulfone membrane aperture 50K;Under these conditions,transmittance of ginsenosides Rg₁,Re,Rb₁ and schisandrin were 80.26%,85.02%,50.69%,94.99%,respectively. Conclusion: Ultrafiltration process had a certain effect on transmittance of active ingredients from Shengmai injection,it could provide experimental basis for improvement of filtration process of Shengmai injection.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate transport mechanisms of α-cyperone in Caco-2 cell model by LC-MS. Method: Caco-2 cell model was established,effects of volume fraction and time on bidirectional transport process of α-cyperone were investigated.LC-MS was adopted to determine the content of α-cyperone with mobile phase of methanol(A)-water(B)(0-5 min,30%-70%A;5-10 min,70%-100%A;15-20 min,30%A) and a flow rate of 0.25 mL·min^-1,values of apparent permeability coefficient(Papp) under different conditions were calculated. Result: Both transport amounts of AP-to-BL and BL-to-AP increased with increasing of volume fraction and time within 2 h.Papp kept 0.5-1.5 at different volume fractions of α-cyperone. Conclusion: α-Cyperone could be transported through intestinal mucosa via a passive diffusion mechanism.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize formula of Hyperici Perforati Herba extract sustained-release tablets and evaluate its in vitro release mechanism. Method: With cumulative release rate of hypericin at different time points as comprehensive evaluation index,orthogonal test was adopted to optimize formula of Hyperici Perforati Herba extract sustained-release tablets by taking quality ratio of MCC to lactose,framework materials and the amount of HPMC as factors.Release mechanism of sustained-release tablets was investigated by in vitro release test. Result: Optimized prescription process was as follows:HPMC K15M 30%,MCC 6.4%,lactose 12.6%,magnesium stearate 1%.Drug release of Hyperici Perforati Herba extract sustained-release tablets in 2 h was 15%-30%,it was 40%-75% in 6 h and more than 85% in 12 h.In vitro release behavior was in line with Ritger-Peppas equation,release process was described by synergy of drug diffusion and skeleton corrosion. Conclusion: Optimized prescription process was reasonable and simple.In vitro release of these prepared sustained-release tablets was slow and stable,its release mechanism followed kinetic model of sustained-release tablets.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate laboratory extraction conditions of proteins from sunflower seed kernels. Method: Eight different conditions(P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,P6,P7,P8) were adopted to extract proteins from sunflower seed kernels,purity of proteins was determined by Bradford,extraction conditions were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis method. Result: After extracted by eight conditions,content of protein powder in sunflower seed kernels was 57.43-63.59 mg without significant differences;But protein purity of P3,P4,P7 and P8 was significantly higher than the other four conditions;2-D PAGE electrophoresis results showed that P4 and P8 had the most protein spots which were (196±11) and (194±20),respectively;However,protein spots was more clear by comparing with P8.Optimum technology conditions were as follows:extraction temperature 50 ℃,ultrasonic time 20 min,with deionized water as extraction solvent. Conclusion: The amount and kind of most proteins obtained under condition of P4,and it could a reference for proteomics of plant proteins.

Abstract:Objective: To improve production process of Xiaoaiping injection by ultrafiltration technology. Method: Chlorogenic acid,total phenolic acids,content changes of bacterial endotoxin and passing rate of clarity were detected by HPLC,colorimetry,kenitic-turbidimetry and light blockage method before and after ultrafiltratin of Xiaoaiping injection;And compare effect of index ingredients,removal effect of bacterial endotoxin and improvement degree of clarity of Xiaoaiping injection between the original production process and ultrafiltration membrane technology. Result: In the original process,30 kDa-5 kDa and 30 kDa-10 kDa membranes combined technology,recoveries of chlorogenic acid were 51.6%,52.6% and 55.3%,recoveries of total phenolic acids were 75.3%,58.2% and 64.6%,removal rate of bacterial endotoxin were 84.2%,98.4% and 98.2%,qualified rate of clarity were 80.0%,95.6% and 93.3%,respectively. Conclusion: Compared with the original process,30 kDa-10 kDa membranes combined technology could eliminate bacterial endotoxin effectively,most of the content of index components were reserved and qualified rate of clarity was improved obviously,which was suitable for production of Xiaoaiping injection.

Abstract:Objective: To establish a quantitative method for the free amino acids in Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma. Method: Hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the 22 amino acids in Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma. An ACQUITY UPLC BEH amide column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) was applied for the separation of these amino acids with a gradient mobile phase consisting of solution A (water, 5 mmol·L^-1 ammonium formate, 5 mmol·L^-1 ammonium acetate and 0.15% formic acid) and solution B (acetonitrile, 1 mmol·L^-1 ammonium formate, 1 mmol·L^-1 ammonium acetate and 0.05% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min^-1. The linear gradient conditions were as follows:0-6 min, 15%-20% A;6-10 min,20%-30% A;10-12 min, 30%-46% A. The column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. Multiple reaction mode detection (MRM) in positive ion mode was used in this assay. Result: Good separation of the 22 amino acids was obtained within 12 min. Good correlations were found between the investigated compounds concentrations and their peak areas within the test ranges with the correlation coefficient from 0.991 7 to 0.999 9.The average recoveries were from 93.7% to 104.7%. The overall intra-and inter-day variations (RSDs) based on the peak areas of the analyte were in the range of 1.13%-4.95% and 1.84%-5.62% respectively. The total content of 22 free amino acids in 10 batches samples of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma was from 4.72 mg·g^-1 to 5.96 mg·g^-1. Conclusion: The proposed method is simple, rapid, sensitive and suitable for the determination of amino acids in Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and could provide the basis for Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma quality control.

Abstract:Objective: To establish a high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) for simultaneous determination of rubrofusarin gentiobioside, casside, cassiaside C in Cassia obtusifolia. Method: The HPLC with Dionex Acclaim C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column was used, acetonitrile-THF-1% acetic acid (17 ：2 ：81) was used as a mobile phase, with flow rate of 1 mL·min^-1, column temperature at 30 ℃ and detection wavelength at 278 nm. Result: Rubrofusarin gentiobioside, casside, cassiaside C showed good linearity (r=0.999 9) in the range of 0.218-1.09, 0.188-0.94, 0.200-1.000 μg, regressive equation were Y=54.017X-0.344 6 (r=0.999 9),Y=78.63X-0.354(r=0.999 9),Y=74.098X-0.433 5 (r=0.999 9)respectively;the average recoveries of the method were 98.43%, 101.89%, 102.46%, RSD were 1.75%, 1.10%, 1.15%. Conclusion: The method was proved to be simple, rapid, sensitive, precise, reliable and repeatable. It can be applied to the quality control of Semen Cassia.

Abstract:Objective: To establish determined method of the content of trihydroxybenzoic acid and paeonol in Paeonia delavayi, and compare the content in samples from different areas and samples from different parts. Method: The samples were separated by a ZORBOX SB-C₁₈ (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) using acetonitrile-0.1% methane acid with water gradient system as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min^-1, and the detection wavelength for fingerprinting was 275 nm with 30 ℃ for column temperature. Result: There were well linear relationships for trihydroxybenzoic acid and paeonol in range of 0.204 0-2.040 μg and 0.204 0-2.040 μg. And average recovery rates for them (n=6) were 101.81% and 97.80%. Conclusion: The method could be used for quality control to medicinal materials of P. delavayi. Contents of trihydroxybenzoic acid and paeonol were significantly different for medicinal materials collected from different areas.

Abstract:Objective: To provide scientific basis for quality evaluation of Chinese medicinal herb Euonymus alatus by studying the identification of morphological and histological characteristics, and setting up qualitative and quantitative methods for analyzing the characterized components of E. alatus. Method: Focusing on ten different sources of E. alatus, the paraffin section and photomicrographic techniques were used to describe microscopic characters. The content of moisture, ash, solvent extract was determined according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Ed. 2010) methods. The silica gel TLC identification of E. alatus was performed by using naringenin as a reference substance. The content of total flavonoids and naringenin was also determined by UV-spectrophotometry and HPLC respectively. Result: The microscopic characters of ten different sources of E. alatus were basically the same pattern without striking differences. The content of moisture was 13.8%±0.9%, aqueous extracts 5.9%±0.5%, alcoholic extracts 4.7%±0.5%, total ash 8.4%±1.8%, and acid-insoluble ash 2.9%±1.0%. The developed TLC spots were quite clear, and a red spot obtained with the given samples all corresponded in position and color to the spot obtained with the reference naringenin in the chromatogram. The content of total flavonoids was 2.7%±0.7%, and naringenin 0.006%±0.005%. Conclusion: All these data mentioned above can be used as the reference standards for evaluating quality of E. alatus.

Abstract:Objective: A micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography(MEKC) was developed for the rapid determination of six lignans in Schisandra chinensis. Method: The key factors for separation and determination were studied and the best analysis conditions were obtained, in the background electrolyte of 10 mmol·L^-1 phosphate(35% acetonitrile, 37.5 mmol·L^-1 SDS, pH 8.0) at the separation voltage of 28.0 kV, the Schisandra extract could be detected within 6 min. Result: The lignans showed good linear response in the range of 25.5-1 020,25.75-1 030,12.0-480,25.5-1 020,24.25-970 and 19.75-790 mg·L^-1, the limit of detection was 0.5,0.8,1.0,1.0,1.0 and 1.5 mg·L^-1. Conclusion: Compared with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), the MEKC analyses offers high separation efficiencies and rapid analyses.

Abstract:Objective: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of the extract of physical defatted roasted Raphani Semen. Method: Yilit Hypersil C₁₈ (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used;flow rate was 1.0 mL·min^-1;column temperature was kept at 30 ℃;the mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile (A)-0.1%H₃PO₄(B) with gradient elution. The concentrations of solvent A were 5%, 30%, 70% and 88% at 0, 28, 30, 51 min respectively. Result: The HPLC fingerprint of the extract of physical defatted roasted Raphani Semen was set up, showing 10 characteristic peaks. The HPLC fingerprint similarity of the extract of physical defatted roasted Raphani Semen from ten different growing areas is greater than 0.96. Conclusion: This method is stable, accurate with a good reproducibility and can be used to evaluate the qualitative identification of the extract of physical defatted roasted Raphani Semen.

Abstract:Objective: A simple and rapid HPLC method was established for simultaneously determining of paeoniflorin,baicalin and berberine in the mixed decoction of Huanglian Ejiaotang. Method: Agilent TC-C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm)chromatographic column,acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution gradient elution were applied. Analyses were performed at 35 ℃ with a flowrate of 1.0 mL·min^-1 and UV detection at 240 nm, Result: The content of paeoniflorin,baicalin and berberine were 1.64%,7.51%,3.30% respectively. Conclusion: The developed method can be applied to the intrinsic quality control of Huanglian Ejiaotang.

Abstract:Objective: To analyze and determine the stability of icariside and its factors affecting in different conditions. Method: On the basis of ultraviolet-visible spectrum under 200-600 nm region scan, determine the factors affecting the chemical structure of icariside in different conditions. Result: Icariside was stable in water, incruding slightly acidic, basic and neutral conditions.When it existed in aqueous phase under pH<2 or pH>10 conditions, the chemical structure of icariside was changed. Furthermore, its aqueous phase under 100 ℃ for a long time was remain stable. In the processes of extracting and using icariside, metal ion such as Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺and Al³⁺ should be wiped off, as they were able to chelate with icariside, and could induce oxidation as well. Conclusion: Using ultraviolet-visible spectrum can primary observation the factors affecting the stability of icariside in different conditions, and providing important information on its extraction, preparation and derivatives preparation.

Abstract:Objective: To establish the chromatographic fingerprint for Monochasma sheareri. by RP-HPLC. Method: The HPLC fingerprint of M. sheareri were determined on an Agilent HC C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) eluted with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.4% phosphoric acid in gradient mode, flow rate 0.8 mL·min^-1,column temperature 35 ℃and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm.The chromatograms of different batches of M. sheareri. were compared by the software of Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM(Version 2004A). Result: HPLC Fingerprint of M. sheareri. was established with luteolin as the reference compound. 13 common peaks were selected as the fingerprint peaks of M. sheareri. Conclusion: The established HPLC fingerprint of M. sheareri. has desirable precision,reproducibility,and can be applied to routine quality control of M. sheareri.

Abstract:Objective: To develop a method for the determination of oleanolic acid content in Eriobotrya japonica by near-infrared spectroscopy. Method: The oleanolic acid content of 140 samples was determined by the method of HPLC. NIR spectrograms were measured, the standard normal variate (SNV) and first derivative were used as spectral preprocessing options, and calibration model of the oleanolic acid content was established by the partial least squares regression analysis. The models were verified by internal cross validation and external predictive validation with 18 loquat samples. Result: The correlation coefficients, the root-mean-square error of calibration, the root-mean-square error of prediction and the root-mean-square error of cross-validation of the calibration model for ethanol extracts content were 0.939 23, 0.106, 0.131 and 0.216 75. Conclusion: The results show that the method is fast, accurate, and can be used as a rapid qualitative of chemical composition and quality control methods of E. japonica.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the chemical components of flavonoids of Eucommiae Folium. Method: Various column chromatography were used in the isolation and purification, physiochemical constant determination and spectral analysis were adopted to determine the chemical structures of flavonoids. Result: Eight flavonoids were isolated from Eucommiae Folium,quercetin(1),rutin(2),hyperin(3),quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyloside(4),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5),quercetin-3-O-sambubioside(6),kaempherol-3-O-sambubioside(7),quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside(8). Conclusion: 4 and 7 compounds were first isolated from this plant.

Abstract:Objective: To further investigate the chemical constituents from the petroleum ether and chloroform fractions of ethanol extract from Spiraea pubescens. Method: The compounds were isolated by silica gel chromatography, ODS chromatography, and preparative HPLC,and their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods,including MS,1D and 2D NMR spectral techniques. Result: Nine compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether and chloroform fractions of ethanol extract from S. pubescens,and were identified as ursolic acid (1), ursolic aldehyde (2), ursonic acid (3), germanicol (4), α-amyrenol (5), erythrodiol (6), betulinic acid (7), oleanolic acid (8), and betulonic acid (9). Conclusion: This is the first report of the isolation of 2-6 and 8-9 from Spiraea genus,and 1, 7 from this plant.

Abstract:Objective: To study the chemical constituents and bioactivity of essential oil from Poncirus trifoliata. Method: The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and separated by capillary GC. The chemical constituents were determined by normalization and were identified by MS. Result: 65 chromatographic peaks were detected and 51 compounds were identified, which were 91.25% of the total essential oil. The cytotoxicity of the essential oil against human cancer cell lines BEL-7402, K-562, SGC-7901 and SPCA-1 was investigated in vitro. Conclusion: The major components of the essential oil were linalool oxide (11.93%), (-)-globulol (10.18%) and Ledol (8.92%). The oil showed moderate activity against K-562 and BEL-7402 human tumor cell lines with IC₅₀ values less than 40 μg/ml. The oil was also found to possess antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis.

Abstract:Objective: Steam distillation extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with quantification by peak area normalization method was used to analyze volatile compounds from leaf of Citrus erythrosa Tanaka. Method: Analysised bactericidal concentration of olatile compounds with the agar dilution method. Result: Showed that 36 compounds were identified with gc-ms, which the predominant compounds were r-elemene (30.691%), β-caryophyllene (18.895%), phellandrene (10.814%), benzene-1-methyl-2-(1-meth-ylethy) (7.977%), α-caryophyllene (5.260%) and α-farnesene (4.805%) et al. Results of experiments on antimicrobial activities showed that volatile component had antibacterial effects. Results Bacteriostatic test in vitro express that olatile oil to escherichia coli inhibitory effect in the most significant(MIC 3.9 g·L^-1,MBC 5.6 g·L^-1), and followed by staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and candida. Conclusion: GC-MS could be used to identify and determine content of volatile components of leaf of C. erythrosa,and have a little of antimicrobial activity. This study could provide experimental basis for development and utilization of leaf of C. erythrosa.

Abstract:Objective: Antioxidative activities of different polarity parts in extracts with ethanol from Hyssopus cuspidatus and Nepeta bracteata were studied in vitro. Method: In vitro chemical simulation conditions, the antioxidant properties of different parts in ethanol extracts of H. cuspidatus and N. bracteata were evaluated by different antioxidant tests, including 1, 1 diphenyl-2-bitter hydrazo (DPPH·) and (O₂^-·) free radical scavenging ability, pyrogallol autoxidation and iron ion reduction. Result: The different polarity parts in extracts with ethanol from the two medicinal materials all have free radical scavenging and reduction abilities to some extent. Conclusion: H. cuspidatus and N. bracteata have antioxidant activities, which will supply the separating base of antioxidative components from them in further research.

Abstract:Objective: Reveal the composition of bitter substance and its biological activity of Schisandra chinensis. Method: Using organic solvent extraction and silica gel separation to prepare bitter substances from Schisandra chinensis, HPLC were applied for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Meanwhile, observed the biological activity of bitter substance. Result: The bitterness substances mainly contains lignans, the total amount of six lignans were approximately 42.5%.The bitterness substances in high dose group had significant inhibitory effect on the spontaneous activity of mice(P<0.05) and also could significantly prolong the sleeping time of mice with pentobarbital sodium(P<0.001); and there has no obvious effect on the swimming time of mice, but can prolong the normobaric hypoxia tolerance time(P<0.05); high and low groups bitter substance can reduce total cholesterol in hyperlipidemic rats (TC)(P<0.01), elevated low density lipoprotein(LDL)and high density lipoprotein(HDL)content, and high dose group was stronger than the low dose group. Conclusion: Bitter substance of S. chinensis is the Pharmacodynamic substance with sedative, hypnotic, antihypoxia and hypolipidemic effect.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the pharmacokinetics of baicalin in rats after oral administration of Qingyan Lige pills by HPLC-MS-MS. Method: With luteolin as the internal standard (IS), the analysis was carried out on a ZOBAX SB-C₁₈ (2.1 mm×50 mm, 3.5 μm) column using acetonitrile-0.2% formic acid (24 ：76) as the mobile phase. The detection was performed by means of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry in positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Quantification was performed using the transitions of m/z 447.1→270.9 for baicalin, m/z 286.9→152.9 for IS. Result: After oral administration of Qingyan Lige pills to SD rats, the Tmax of baicalin was 2.4 h, the Cmax was 0.59 mg·L^-1, the AUC_0~∞ was 2.80 mg·L^-1·h and the t1/2 was 8.24 h. The plasma concentration-time curve exhibited double peak, which indicated that baicalin may have hepatoenteral circulation in vivo. Conclution: The method described in this report has high sensitivity and selectivity. The results of pharmacokinetic study on baicalin would be a suitable reference in clinical application for Qingyan Lige pills.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the metabolic profile of stagnant heat syndrome in rats and the intervention effects of Qinghuoling. Method: There were control, model and Qinghuoling groups.Model and Qinghuoling groups were treated with special feed and ip atropine (0.25 mg·kg^-1),twice a day, continues modeling for 7 days, from the 4 th day of modeling, ig Qinghuoling(2.64 g·kg^-1),once a day.Proton nuclear magnetic resonance(¹H-NMR) technique was used to analyze the rat serum and urine metabolic profiles. Multivariate data analysis methods such as orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and principal components analysis (PCA), and univariate statistical analysis methods were used to analyze the metabonome difference between the control and model group samples, to identify the corresponding metabolic biomarkers and to study the intervention effect of Qinghuoling. The mechanism of action of Qinghuoling was illustrated through the selected biomarkers. Result: Compared with the control group, rectal temperature, water intake, and food intake of model group has a significant change The metabolic phenotype of rats in model group greatly changed, Lipid metabolism, glucose uptake and metabolism, intestinal flora have been affected in different degrees and Qinghuoling had efficacious intervention. Six and sevenpotential biomarkers were selected in rat serum and urine, respectively. Conclusion: Qinghuoling can effectively improve the disturbance of lipids and glucose metabolismand modulate the gut microflora environment in rats.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effects of Zhali Nusi fang(ZLNSF) on nerve growth factor(NGF) expression in the rat brain after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Method: Rat focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with nylon thread.The animal models were randomized into sham-operation,model, nimodipine(NMDP) and ZLNSF 4 groups to receive treatment with normal saline, NMDP and ZLNSF 30 min after the reperfusion. To do neurological score before take material.To take material at 1,3,7,14 days.Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expressions of nerve growth factor at rat brain cortex. Result: The neurological scores of model group rats are reduce, the number of nerve cells are cut down with unequal size and pathological damage significant. compared with model groups, the neurological scores of ZLNSF and NMDP groups are raise, the number of nerve cells are raise, pathological damage brain tissue are reduce significantly and NGF expression are enhance (P<0.05). Compared with NMDP groups, the level of NGF expression was significantly higher in ZLNSF 14 days group (P<0.05). Conclusion: ZLNSF show protective effects against global ischemia-reperfusion injury,ZLNSF 14 days group has the highist cerebral protective effects, and its cerebral protection mechanism may be related to regulate NGF expression in rat brain.

Abstract:Objective: To observe of clinical efficacy of Qingre Huoxue Sanjie Chinese medicine compound against radiation pneumonitis,pulmonary fibrosis and its effect on serum cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)level. Method: Using propective randomized controlled design,patients eligible were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, each of 62 cases. The controlled group was only treated with radiotherapy,the treatment group was treated radiotherapy plus oral Chinese medicine. Before and after treatment,the patients's general condition, clinical manifestations, chest CT, lung injury (RTOG criteria) were evaluated as indicators for clinical efficacy observation,and using karnofsky performance status scale(KPS) for performance evaluation, serum cytokines IL-6,TNF-α,TGF-β1 levels were tested respectively. Result: The two groups were no loss and excluding cases, no significant differences in baseline data (P>0.05);after treatment, compared with the control group, the treatment group was able to significantly improve patients karnofsky ratings,RTOG rating evaluation of improvement in the treatment of lung injury is significantly better than the control group (P<0.05),the treatment group of radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis prevalence was lower than controlled group(38.71% vs 72.58%,P<0.05);two groups of serum IL-6,TNF-α,TGF-β1 level had no significant diference before treatment;at the end of radiotherapy and six months after radiotherapy, the serum IL-6,TNF-α,TGF-β1 were both significantly lower than before treatment respectively (P<0.01), and the serum IL-6,TNF-α,TGF-β1 level all reached the peak at the end of radiotherapy. Conclusion: Qingre Huoxue Sanje Chinese medicine compound was safe and effective,which can lower prevalence of radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis,and can alleviate the symptoms of patients,improve the quality of life,its mechanism maybe related with reducing serum IL-6,TNF-α,TGF-β1 levels of radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis patients.

Abstract:Objective: To study the anti-tumor effects of Astragali Radix and Curcumae Rhizoma on the growth of transplanted human hepatocarcinoma in nude mice and its combinative effect with cisplatin(DDP). Method: Human hepatocarcinoma cells HepG2 were transplanted into nude mice to form the model, and the modeled mice were divided at random into 8 groups:model group, cisplatin(DDP) group (intraperitoneal injection with 2 mg·kg^-1 DDP), high dosage of Astragali Radix and Curcumae Rhisoma (H)(intragastric administration with 12 g·kg^-1·d^-1 physic liquor), intermediate dosage of Astragali Radix and Curcumae Rhizoma (M) (intragastric administration with 6 g·kg^-1·d^-1physic liquor), low dosage of Astragali Radix and Curcumae Rhizoma (L) (intragastric administration with 3 g·kg^-1·d^-1 physic liquor), high dosage and cisplatin group(H+DDP), intermediate dosage and cisplatin group(M+DDP), low dosage and cisplatin group(L+DDP), 8 in each group. The effect of Astragali Radix and Curcumae Rhizoma on Transplantation tumor and combinative effect with DDP were observed. Expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and Wascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein in transplantation tumors were determined by immunohisto chemical method with an image analysis system. Result: The tumor weight and volume were (1.28±0.21)g and (1 065.42±275.63)mm³ in H, (1.61±0.28)g and (1 398.77±358.75)mm³ in M, (1.65±0.27)g and (1 419.28±405.17)mm³ in L, all significantly lower than those in model group (2.19±0.30)g and (1 866.21±433.49)mm³, (P<0.05,P<0.01). The tumor weight and volume were (0.48±0.19)g and (381.86±273.14)mm³ in H+DDP, (0.83±0.29)g and (704.09±386.52)mm³ in M+DDP, (1.01±0.31)g and (827.75±424.58)mm³ in L+DDP.H+DDP group was significantly lower than DDP group(P<0.05). Contrary to the model group, expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF protein were significantly down-regulated by H, M, L, H+DDP, M+DDP and L+DDP group(P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion: Astragali Radix and Curcumae Rhizoma can inhibit the growth of human hepatocarcinoma in nude mice and the inhibition effect was positive correlation with dosage. The combination of Astragali Radix, Curcumae Rhizoma and DDP showed synergistic action and additive chemotherapeutic effect.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effect and its mechanisms of the new formulation of K-CoxB-JN compound on tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukine(IL)-6 in mice with coxsackie B3 viral myocarditis. Method: The mice were injected with CVB3 to establish the experimental model of viral myocarditis,then randomly divided into 5 groups:The new formulation of K-CoxB-JN compound low,middle,high dose group (0.2,0.4,0.8 g·kg^-1),ribavirin group(0.075 g·kg^-1), the model group.and set up the normal group,two houres later mice were gavaged for 14 days. The general state of the mice were observed, deaths were recorded and calculated the survival rate of mice;the content of TNF-α, IL-6 were tested. Took heart and calculated the cardiac index, HE staining,calculated the pathological integral. Result: Compared with the normal group,the model group mice cardiac index,TNF-α and IL-6 level, the pathological integral were increased(P<0.05), the survival rate were decreased(P<0.05),Compared with the model group, the new formulation of K-CoxB-JN compound group mice cardiac index,TNF-α and IL-6 level, the pathological integral were decreased(P<0.05), the survival rate were increased(P<0.05). Conclusion: Regulation of TNF-α, IL-6 level may be one of the mechanisms of the new formulation of K-CoxB-JN compound in the treatment of viral myocarditis.

Abstract:Objective: To study the inhibitory effect and mechanism of chemical constituents from Daphne giraldii on xanthine oxidase activity. Method: The ultraviolet spectrophotometry was adopted, xanthine as substrate and allopurinol as positive control drug, to measure xanthine oxidase activity affected by four compounds:luteolin(1), 5,7,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-flavone(2), daphnodorin A(3), daphnin(4) which were isolated from D. giraldii, and further the type of inhibition through enzyme kinetic was exploreds. Result: The compounds had obvious inhibiting effect on xanthine oxidase, among which 5,7,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-flavone(2)was a noncompetitive inhibitor while luteolin(1), daphnodorin A(3) daphnin(4)were competitive inhibitors. Conclusion: Flavonoids and coumarins in D. giraldii can effectively inhibit xanthine oxidase activity, which can provide theoretical basis for the clinical usage of D. giraldii in treatment of gout.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effects of Sini San on hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA axis) and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B(TrKB)in hippocampus of the depression model rats. Method: Fifty male SD rats were randomly divide into five groups:control group,model group,Venlafaxine hydrochloride group(12.5 mg·kg^-1),two concentration of sinisan groups(10,5 g·kg^-1). The rats accepted 21 days both chronic mild unexpected stimulation and intragastric administration,and then,drawn blood,taken hypothalamus,taken hippocampus. To detect the content changes of the rats' plasma cortisol (CORT),adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)by the radioimmunoassay. Using the immunohistochemical analysis method to test the positive neurons surface density values' change of the BDNF and TrKB in the hippocampus. Result: Compared with the control group,the rats in model group significantly increased the contents of the plasma CORT,ACTH and hypothalamic CRH,and decreased the positive neurons surface density values of the BDNF and TrKB in the hippocampus. Compared with the model group,Sini San high and low dose group could significantly decrease the content of the depression model rats' plasma CORT,ACTH and hypothalamic CRH;and increase positive neurons surface density values of the BDNF and TrKB in the hippocampus. Conclusion: Sini San can obviously improve depressive state of the rats,which mechanism may berelated with increasing the expression of BDNF and TrKB in hippocampus by the HPA.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effects of the alcohol extract from Coreopsis tinctoria on blood pressure, the content of plasma endothelin (ET), angiotension Ⅱ (AngⅡ) and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) in spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR). Method: The spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR) were randomly divided into six groups, untreated control,high, middle, low dosage group of the alcohol extract from C. tinctoria(3.2,1.6,0.8 g·kg^-1), captopril group(4 mg·kg^-1) and du zhong tablet group(187.5 mg·kg^-1). Tail blood pressure were measured every week.After 4 weeks, the contents of plasma ET, AngⅡ and CGRP were detected by radioimmunity method respectively. The left ventricular weight index (LVWI) and cardiac index were monitored too. Result: Compared with model group,the blood pressure of all groups significantly lowered after 4 weeks (P<0.01).The LVWI of all groups was decreased, while the high dosage group and captopril group showed significant difference (P<0.01).The contents of ET and AngⅡ were decreased greatly (P<0.01) in the high,middle dosage group and captopril group, while the contents of plasma CGRP were increased in all group,but showed no significant difference. Conclusion: The alcohol extract from C. tinctoria could significantly reduce blood pressure and improve myocardial hypertrophy in SHR,which might be related to inhibiting RAS and improving the endothelial function.

Abstract:Objective: To study the antioxidant activity of stigmaserol from Yulangsan in vitro. Method: The superoxide anion free radical (O₂^-·) and hydroxy free radical (· OH) were prepared through pyrogallol and o-phenanthroline-Fe²⁺/H₂O₂ system respectively, the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry was used to observe the scavenging and inhibiting effects of stigmaserol on O₂^-· and ·OH with the vitamin C (Vit C) as positive control. Result: Stigmaserol separated from Yulangsan greatly scavenged O₂^-· and ·OH (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and significantly reduced the production rate of O₂^-· (P<0.01). Conclusion: Stigmaserol has strong antioxidant activity.

Abstract:Objective: To explore the effect of Chinese herbal compound Tangbikang(TBK) on the expressions of nerve growth factor (NGF) protein and NGF mRNA of diabetic rats' sciatic nerve. Method: Streptozotocin(STZ) and feeding high fat forage induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into diabetic model group, Mecobalamin group, TBK high dose group, TBK middle dose group, TBK low dose group and SD normal male rats (n=10). Normal control group and model group were daily gavaged with distilled water, TBK groups were given TBK with different dose(4.175,8.35,16.70 g·kg^-1). Mecobalamin (1.97 mg·kg^-1) was used as the control medicine. Rats' unilateral sciatic nerve were taken out at the 16^th week, immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of NGF protein of sciatic nerve, and the expressions of NGF mRNA were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Result: Compared with normal group, the expressions of NGF protein and NGF mRNA of model group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), Compared with the model group, high and middle dose TBK group significantly increased the expressions of NGF protein and NGF mRNA (P<0.01) and low dose TBK group significantly increased the expressions of NGF mRNA (P<0.05). Conclusion: Chinese herbal compound TBK could promote the expressions of NGF and NGF mRNA of diabetic peripheral neuropathy rats' sciatic nerve.

Abstract:Objective: To study the effect of the six Alpinia Roxbe on phosphodiesterase(PDE), cyclic Adenosine monophosphate(cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP), cAMP/cGMP of the gastric tissue of stomachin excessive cold syndrome rats, and reveal the correlation between the six kinds volatile oil of Alpinia Roxb. and the function of warming middle energizer and dispersing cold. Method: By giving cold-cool nature Chinese medicines and freezing method, stomach excessive cold syndrome rat models was established. The high and low dose of the volatile oil and the water extract removed volatile oil of the six Chinese medicine were given to rat, the positive control drug was given water extract of aconite. PDE, cAMP and cGMP,and calculated cAMP/cGMP ratio were determined. Result: ①The high and low dose groups of the volatile oil of the six Chinese medicine significantly reduced the concentration of stomach PDE in model rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01), high dose group of water extract removed volatile oil of Alpinia galanga also had a certain reduction effect, but no significant difference.②The high and low dose groups of the volatile oil of the six Chinese medicine compared with model group, cAMP concentrations were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), cGMP no significant changes, cAMP/cGMP ratio increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the high dose group of water extract removed volatile oil of galangal, Alpinia katsumadai, Villous amomum fruit also had some influence on the concentration of cAMP, but no significant difference. Conclusion: The volatile oil of the six Alpinia Roxb may elevate gastric tissue cAMP levels, cAMP/cGMP ratio, reduce the PDE content, some Chinese medicine without volatile oil at high dose also had a similar effect. The volatile oil of the six Alpinia Roxb was related the function of warming middle energizer and dispersing cold, and water extract removed volatile oil of the six Chinese medicine also had some good improvement, revealing their effectiveness is also associated with other ingredients contained.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the model rat nerve root compression dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG) inside phospholipase A₂(PLA₂), prostagland in E₂(PGE₂) content of expression for different demolition party of Qishe Fang(QSF) and to further explore the compatibility law. Method: The 352 three-month-old SPF SD male rats were randomly divided into 11 groups, each group were administered simultaneously take dorsal root ganglia with different time PLA₂ and PGE₂ contents were detected by ELISA. The results were compared by SPSS 18.0, To identify the sensitivity component in inflammatory changes. Thus revealing the compatibility of components QSF interaction law suppressing inflammation. Result: Different compatibility groups relative to the untreated group can significantly reduce the dorsal root ganglion PLA₂, PGE₂ levels P<0.01, but between different groups with varying degrees of inhibition of inflammation P<0.05. Conclusion: Description of the compatibility between the components there is a synergistic effect, statistics showed that monarch drug can play a leading role, the other components can enhance the efficacy for monarch drug,but all parties comply the best efficacy compare others, the result indicating the compatibility of science and rationality of all parties.

Abstract:Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of compound Yulangsan polysaccharide (CYLSP) on duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) persistent infection. Method: One-day old Guangxi brown spotted ducks infected with hepatitis B virus (DHBV) were used as the DHBV infected animal model. Fifty positive ducks were detected by PCR at one week after the infection of DHBV, then randomly divided into 5 groups, each group of 10, only CYLSP high, medium and low dose group (10,5,2.5 g·kg^-1) and lamivudine (0.05 g·kg^-1) group and model group, the daily morning lavage l time for 14 d. Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) in serum were detected before treatment (T₀),7 days (T₇),14 days (T₁₄) after treatment, and 3 days after stopping treatment. At 3 days after stopping treatment, the livers were collected,homogenate was prepared to detect superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity and reduced glutathion(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA) levels, HE staining was used to observe the pathological change. Result: Compared with T₀ and model group, the serum levels of ALT and AST were decreased significantly and 3 days after stopping treatment,CYLSP high dose group and lamivudine group still showed a protection effect (P<0.05 or P<0.05) SOD,GSH-Px activity and the content of GSH,MDA.CYLSP in high, middle dose group and lamivudine group showed a protection action. In CYLSP low dose group, no change of SOD,GSH-Px activity and GSH,MDA content was found,HE staining showed CYLSP significantly reduced the duck liver histopathologic damage degree. Conclusion: The compound Yulangsan polysaccharide has a protection action on duck liver injury induced by duck hepatitis B virus

Abstract:Objective: To study of Shenqi Huafen Pian on exercise-induced fatigue in rats. Method: Seventy male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model control group,Shenqi Huafen Pian high,medium,low dose groups(2.5,1.25,0.625 g·kg^-1), Nifedipine tablets groups(0.01 g·kg^-1),Ciwujia tablets groups (0.25 g·kg^-1).Drugs were administered to mice for 9 days.Except control group,the other 6 groups were conducted exhaustive swimming experiment. The weight,MDA(malonaldehyde) and lactic acid(LD) content, adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase),catalase(CAT),Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and superoxidedismutase(SOD) activity were measured. Result: The weight in Shenqi Huafen Pian high,medium dose groups was increased(P<0.01).In high dose group of Shenqi Huafen Pian, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity,Mg²⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase activity of liver cells were obviously increased compared with model(P<0.05),GSH-Px activity in liver was significantly higher than that in model group(P<0.01), activities of SOD in kidney were significantly higher than that(P<0.01).In high and middle dose group of Shenqi Huafen Pian, CAT activities in liver were significantly higher than that in model group(P<0.01), MDA content in kidney was lower than that(P<0.01), blood LD contents were obviously lower than that in model group(P<0.05). Conclusion: Shenqi Huafen Pian showed anti-fatigue effects.The effects could be mediated by increasing the ability of antioxidation and improving lactate metabolism.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the protective effect of the formula of Herba Erigerontis and Radix Paeoniae Rubra on H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress damage of PC12 cells and its possible mechanism. Method: The in vitro model of oxidative stress damage based on PC12 cells was established by treating with H₂O₂ (850 μmol·L^-1) for 6 h. The formula of Herba Erigerontis and Radix Paeoniae Rubra with different concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg·L^-1) pretreatment of PC12 cells (3×10⁴-4×10⁴ cells/mL)for 24 h. The MTT assay was used to determine the survival rate of PC12 cells. The activity of LDH in culture medium, the level of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in cell lysis solution were detected by colorimetric method. The fluorescent probe DCFH-DA and Rhodamine 123 reagent were employed to determine the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential(Δψm) by flow cytometry, respectively. Result: Compared with the controls, the H₂O₂ model showed decreased to 52.78% in survival. The LDH release in culture supernatants increased 110.13 U·L^-1. In addition, the level of MDA and intracellular ROS were significantly increased, the activity of SOD and the Δψm were significantly decreased(P<0.01). Compared with model group, the survival rate of injured cells was increased, and the activity of LDH, the level of MDA and intracellular ROS were decreased in the formula group. In addition, the activity of SOD and the Δψm were significantly increased(P<0.05, P<0.01) in a certain range. Conclusion: The formula of Herba Erigerontis and Radix Paeoniae Rubra has the significant protective effects on the PC12 cells injured by H₂O₂, which may be associated with the inhibited of lipid peroxidation, the increased of antioxidase activity, the decrease of ROS and the increased stability of mitochondrial membrane potential.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effects of Nanwuweizi softcapsule on nervous system in mice as well as respiration system and cardiovascular system in dogs. Method: Mice were given oral medicine with different doses (100,200,400 mg·kg^-1) of Nanwuweizi softcapsule, and general behavior, spontaneous locomotor test, cooperation movement ability and synergistic effect with pentobarbital-sodium in mice were observed. Anesthetized dog were given Nanwuweizi softcapsule via duodenum with different doses (50,100,200 mg·kg^-1) to observe the effect on respiration system and cardiovascular system in dogs. Result: Nanwuweizi softcapsule had no affect on mice's general behavior, rotating bar and balance beam activity, as well as canine respiration system and cardiovascular system, including frequence and depth of respiration, systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), mean blood pressure(MBP), heat rate(HR), T-wave, P-wave, PR, QRS, QT interval segment of electrocardiogram. It decreased the locomotor activity and had synergistic effect with pentobarbital-sodium in mice with shorter sleep latency and longer sleep lasting time. Conclusion: Nanwuweizi softcapsule had no significant effects on general behavior, cooperation movement ability in mice as well as respiration and cardiovascular system in dogs. Nanwuweizi softcapsule had suppressive effect on spontaneous locomotor test and synergistic effect with pentobarbital-sodium in mice, which was consistent with the hypnagogic activity of Nanwuweizi softcapsule.

Abstract:Objective: The purpose is to observe the clinical curative effect of Xiaozheng decoction in uterine fibroids treatment and the influence of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Method: Eighty cases of patients were randomly divided into control group (40 cases) and observation group (40 cases) according to the doctor order.Patients in the control group took Guizhi Fuling pill, 6 g/time, 2 times/day.Patients in the observation group took Xiaozheng decoction add and subtract treatment, 1 does/day.The treatment course of two groups was twelve weeks. Measure the fibroid volume before and after treatment.Record main symptoms and body score.Detect the sex hormone levels and serum VEGF level. Result: The comprehensive total effective rate of observation group was 92.5%,which was superior to control group (72.5%) (P<0.05). after treatment, the volume of uterus and the area of myoma of observation the group were lower than the control group(P<0.05), there were no significant difference on the level of estradiol(E₂)and progesterone(P), the prolactin(PRL) of observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.01), after treatment,the main symptom and sign integral of observation group were lower than the control group(P<0.01), the level of serum (VEGF) of observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.01). Conclusion: The creation of Xiaozheng decoction is based on the center pathogenesis of uterine fibroid,the add and subtract treatment with clinical discrimination can relieve main clinical symptoms,symptoms score and reduce volume of uterus and area of myoma. There is a significant clinical effect and the mechanism may be related to relieving serum VEGF and PRL of patients.

Abstract:Objective: The purpose is to discuss clinical effect the mechanism of anti-inflammatory on Tongfengding capsule and Yishen Juanbi pill combined with leflunomide and methotrexate to treat active stage of rheumatoid arthritis(RA). Method: Sixty-three cases of patients with RA were randomly divided into control group (30 cases) and observation group (35 cases) according to digital method.The patients in control group took methotrexate (MTX),10 mg/time,once a week.taken orally,Leflunomide tablets (LEF),20 mg/time,1 does/day,taken orally;celecoxib capsule,0.2 g/time,1 does/day,taken orally.For patients in observation group,they took Tongfengding capsule on the basis of the control group,4 pieces/time,3 times/day,taken orally,Yishen Juanbi pill,12 g/time,3 does/day,taken orally.After the pain relief,patients stop taking celecoxib capsules.Besides number of taking drugs is changing.Tongfengding capsule took 2 pieces/time and Yishen Juanbi pill took 8 g/time.Treatment courses for two groups are 24 weeks.Record morning stiffness time, tenderness index,swelling index, hands grip strength,20 meters walking time and health assessment questionnaire score (HAQ).Detect erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),c-reactive protein(CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) before and after the treatment.Test the level of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),serum adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and interleukin 1 (IL-1)before and after the treatment. Result: The effective rate of active cavity radiometer 70 of observation group was 48.48% superior to control group (16.67%) (P<0.01), at fourteenth week, the improvement of morning stiffness time,rest pain,tenderness index and swelling index of observation group were superior to control group (P<0.01), at the twenty-fourth week, the further improvement of morning stiffness time,rest pain,tenderness index and swelling index of observation group were superior to control group (P<0.05),a twelve weeks and twenty-four weeks,the grade of disease activity score-28 (DAS28) were both lower than control group(P<0.01), the descend grade range of DAS28 of observation group was superior to control group(P<0.01), after treatment,the level of ESR,CRP and RF of observation group were superior to control group(P<0.01), the level of TNF-α.ICAM-1 and IL-1 were lower than control group(P<0.01). Conclusion: The activities of clinical symptoms that Tongfengding capsule and Yishen Juanbi pill were combined with modifying diseases drugs on rheumatoid arthritis at its active stage and can control the inflammatory response,and its comprehensive clinical effects was superior to simple western medicine treatment.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the clinical effects and mode of action of Huazhuo Xuanfei decoction to treat middle and old age chronic bronchitis (CP) at acute attack. Method: Ninety-five cases of patients were randomly divided into control group (47 cases) and observation group (48 cases).The patients in control group took moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets,0.4 g/time,1 does/day.Ambroxol hydrochloride tablets, 30 mg/time,2 does/day, taken after meal.For patients in observation group,they took moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets as the control group.Besides they were added Huazhuo Xuanfei decoction by dialectical add and subtract treatment,1 does/day,conventional water frying and drink it in two times.The treatment course was 10 days for both groups.Record the third,seventh,tenth day's cardinal symptom, size grading before and after treatment.Record onset time and response duration of main card cough and cough up phlegm.Detect the level of serum interleukin-2(IL-2),interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α). Result: After treatment, comprehensive therapeutic effect in observation group and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome curative effect were superior to control group(P<0.05), the effective rate of cough and expectoration in observation group were 72.92% and 70.83%, which were better than 51.06% and 46.81% of control group(P<0.05). At the third,seventh,tenth day,cardinal symptom and signs of integral in observation group were lower than control group after the treatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01), points in cardinal symptom and signs of integral of observation group were superior to control group(P<0.01), onset time and response duration of observation group were less than observation group(P<0.01), after treatment,the serum IL-2 level was superior to observation group(P<0.01), serum IL-6 and TNF-α level were inferior to observation group(P<0.01). Conclusion: Huazhuo Xuanfei decoction can reduce middle and old age chronic bronchitis' cough and cough up phlegm at acute attack quickly.Clinical curative effect is distinct.Its mode of action may be associated with the inhibition of inflammatory reaction and reduce damage of airway inflammatory.

Abstract:Objective: The discuss clinical effects and mode of Sanqi Zhigan pill on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) of 59 cases abnormal liver function patients. Method: One hundred and sixteen cases of patients were randomly divided into control group (57 cases) and observation group (59 cases) by digital method. The both groups were meddled with non-drug referred to clinical practice guideline of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.The patients in control group took polyene phosphatidyl choline capsule,2 pieces/time, 3 times/day,orally.Reduced glutathione tablets,200 mg/time, 3 times/day,orally.For patients in observation group,they took Sanqi Zhigan pill,5 g/time, 3 times/day,orally.The treatment course was 12 weeks for both groups.Monitor alanine aminotransferase (ALT),glutamic oxalacetic transaminase(AST),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-C).Examine liver and spleen B ultrasound before and after treatment.Measure the level of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) and interleukin-18(IL-18). Result: After the treatment, total effective rate of the observation group was 93.22%, superior to 77.19% of the control group(P<0.05).After the treatment, ALT,AST of both groups improved markedly(P<0.01), after often rate of ALT,AST in the two groups were fairly.Often rate of TC,TG,LDL-C and HDL-C in observation group were better than control group.B ultrasonic examined the degree of fatty liver better in both group after the treatment.Improvement of the observation group level was superior to the control group(P<0.05), patients in two groups got a higher serum SOD after the treatment.Observation group level was higher than the control group(P<0.05), the level of serum TNF-α and IL-18 got declined.Observation group is lower than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion: Sanqi Zhigan pill can protect patients' liver function with abnormal liver NAFLD function.Besides improve blood lipid back to normal.Its mode of action may be related to elevate serum SOD level,lower TNF-α and IL-18.

Abstract:Objective: To assess the therapeutic effect and safety of modified Shashen Maidong decoction in the treatment of carcinoma. Method: Literatures regarding randomized clinical trials of modified Shashen Maidong decoction in treating cancerous fever were revewed. According to inclusion standard and the elimination standard,related literatures were selected and analysed according to different treatment strategies of trials.The methodological quality of the included trials was assessed and Meta-analysis was performed with Revman 5.0 software. Result: Fourteen randomized clinical trials (n=1 193) were identified the methodological quality only one ranked high. Meta-analysis indicated that modified Shashen Maidong decoction was more effective than western medicine [OR 2.01, 95%CI (1.39, 2.92)]in the treatment of carcinoma. Seven articles reported side effects and no serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: modified Shashen Maidong decoction may be effective in the treatment of carcinoma, however, the evidence is not strong due to the variations of the herbs,more randomized clinical trials are required.

Abstract:Objective: To systematic review the basic research's about the effect of borneol on neurotransmitters. Method: We searched Pub Med (1996 to 2012), VIP (1989 to 2012), Wan Fang Database (1990 to 2012), CNKI (1979 to 2012), and collected basic research literature related to borneol's impacts on neurotransmitter. The publications were screened, assessed and extracted valid data based on predetermined criteria. Result: A total of 11 basic researches were identified,found that borneol have a certain influence on content of monoamine, amino acids, beta-endorphin in central nervous system and catecholamine peripheral, and the outcome was related to the dose, the modeling methods, drawn parts, drawn time. One study showed that the central acetylcholine content have no difference between the experimental group and the control. Conclusion: Because of the researches obtain different methods, models, administration, the results are not uniform, difficult to prove each other, and the methodology and research system needs to be further strengthened.

Abstract:Objective: To analyze the composing experience of professor YAN Zheng-hua for syndrome of blood stasis by using traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)inheritance support system. Method: Cellecting the prescriptions for syndrome of blood stasis,then enter the data into TCM inheritance support system and analyze composing principles by using datamining methods such as revised mutual information,complex system entropy cluster and unsupervised hierarchical cluster. Result: Based on the analysis of 114 prescriptions, the frequency of each herb and association rules among the herbs are computed, 12 core combinations and 6 new prescriptions are mined from the database. Conclusion: Professor YAN Zheng-hua is good at activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis and regulating qi to relieve ache,TCM inheritance support system can be used to analyze old TCM doctor' clinical experience.

Abstract:This paper summarized the research progress of rhubarb and its classical prescriptions in treating chronic kidney disease(CKD). These prescriptions include Dahuangfuzi dcoction, Dahuanggancao dcoction, Dahuangzhechong pill and Wenpi dcoction. The pathogenesis of CKD was introduced from the aspects of Western medicine and Chinese medcine. Moreover, the prescriptions in treating CKD were summarized from the aspects of clinical effect and pharmacological mechanism. In addition, the mechanisms of rhubarb, as the main component of these prescriptions, were elaborated. This article supplies reference arrangement and theoretical guidance for clinical and experimental researches.

Abstract:The application and development of 3S (RS,GIS and GPS) techniques in traditional medicinal plants are a breakthough and provide a importance reference and a bigger support for further research.This paper introduced 3S technologies application in medicinal plant of cultivation,wild medicinal plants,rare and endangered medicinal plant and the special habitat medicinal plants. The present situation of its application in the field of medicinal plants and the existing problems were discussed,and the prospect was given.

Abstract:Literatures of Sini decoction in recent years were reviewed. In this paper, the studies on cardiotonic, antiarrhythmic effects of chemical components of Sini decoction are summarized. To illustrate the compatible mechanism of Sini decoction based on absorption and metabolism.The aim of this study is to reveal the rational and scientific connotations of compatibility of Sini decoction. Sini decoction is a simple Chinese classic herbal formula. There are various studies that reported the major active ingredients in these three herbs (Radix Aconiti Laterlis, Zingiber officinale Rosc and Radix Glycyrrhizae) has been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases in clinics at home and abroad. So far, there is limited systemic research on chemical substances and compatible mechanism focused on absorption and metabolism of Sini decoction. Therefore, pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) correlation, advanced analysis techniques (such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)) should have been carried out in order to seek the chemical basis in vivo, interpret the decreasing toxicity and increasing efficacy compatible mechanism, and to provide useful information for safe, effective use and re-evaluation of Sini decoction.

Abstract:Recently,molecular biotechnology has provided sophisticated molecular techniques for authentication of botanical materials at the DNA level and DNA technology provides a powerful tool to complement chemical analyses for authentication of Chinese medicinal plants and to ensure that herbal materials are not contaminated with ineffective or potentially harmful substitutes or adulterants.this review provides an account of commonly used DNA-based technologies for TCM plants.Recent achievements in the field of DNA barcoding and DNA chip technology that offfer great potentials for detecting of DNA and emerging new developments for future identification of species are briefly outlined.