Abstract:Objective: To study on isothermal moisture absorption law and hygroscopic heat of Chinese medicine extract powders,and inspect on water and energy changes during moisture adsorption process. Method: A static gravimetric method was adopted to obtain isothermal moisture absorption data of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Astragali Radix and Chrysanthemi Flos extract powder under different temperatures.Six kinds of moisture models (GAB,BET,Henderson,Smith,Oswin and Halsey) were fitted with nonlinear quadratic regression analysis to evaluate fitness of models,isothermal moisture absorption heat were calculated by Clausius-Clapeyron equation.Phenol-sulfuric acid method was adopted to determine contents of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides,which was taken as material basis for analysis of moisture adsorption behavior. Result: In these 6 kinds of models,fitness of GAB model was the highest with R²≥0.999 4,and the monolayer moisture content increased with increasing of oligosaccharides content.Under different temperatures,when water activity was smaller than a critical value,equilibrium moisture content declined with increasing of temperature,when arrived at a certain water activity,there was a crossing point,then equilibrium moisture content increased with increasing of temperature anomaly,corresponding water activities in crossing points of four extract powders were 0.75,0.65,0.68 and 0.62,respectively.Hygroscopic heat and moisture content of each extract powder was closely related,and showed a downward trend with increasing of moisture content. Conclusion: By investigating isothermal moisture absorption law of Chinese medicine extract powder,it can not only quantified adsorption ability of the powder but also describe moisture adsorption process of powder's physical condition.Compared with traditional method of critical relative humidity,this way is more innovative and has theoretical guidance meaning for production and storage problems of Chinese medicine.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate correlation between content and anti-proliferative effect against lung carcinoma cell line SPC-A-1 and A549 of active ingredients in Coicis Semen from five places. Method: HPLC-ELSD and UV spectrophotometry were employed to determine contents of glycerol trioleate and total triglycerides in Coicis Semen,respectively.In addition,MTT assay was performed to explore anti-proliferative effect of Coicis Semen extract from various origins towards SPC-A-1 and A549 cells. Result: The content of glycerol trioleate in Coicis Semen from Hebei,Liaoning,Fujian,Guizhou,Shandong province was 0.91%,1.14%,0.82%,0.77%,1.09%,the content of total triglycerides was 14.83,10.88,7.85,5.26,7.71 mg·g^-1,respectively.IC₅₀(median inhibitory concentration) against the lung carcinoma cell line A549 were 2.33,2.77,3.15,3.24,3.08 g·L^-1,IC₅₀ against SPC-A-1 were 1.64,2.15,2.63,3.01,2.99 g·L^-1,respectively. Conclusion: All samples originated from five provinces are in line with standards of the 2010 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.However,samples from Hebei province have the highest content of total triglycerides and the strongest anti-lung cancer activity,suggesting a positive correlation between active ingredients content and pharmacological activity.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate absorption mechanism of scutellarin ethyl ester (DZY-02). Method: In situ single pass intestinal perfusion model was established,HPLC was adopted to study absorptions of three dose groups of DZY-02 in different segments,effects of different protein inhibitors on absorption parameters of DZY-02 in different intestinal segments were investigated. Result: Absorption rate constant and effective permeability coefficient (P_eff) were no significantly differences in different segments of rat intestine or concentration of DZY-02, P_eff was more than 0.2×10^-4 cm·s^-1.Protein inhibitors had no obvious effects on intestinal absorption of DZY-02. Conclusion: DZY-02 is a high-permeability candidate drug and can be absorbed in whole intestinal segments,transport mechanism of DZY-02 in vivo is similar to passive diffusion.DZY-02 may be not a substrate of P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate intestinal absorption segments and mechanism of total flavonoids from Sorbus tianschanica leaves in rats. Method: Single-pass intestinal perfusion model was established in rats.The content of total flavonoids in perfusate was determined by HPLC with detection wavelength at 360 nm and mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.4% phosphoric acid solution in gradient elution.Absorption rate constant (K_a) and apparent absorption coefficient (P_app) were evaluated absorption kinetics of total flavonoids. Result: Six kinds of flavonoids from S. tianschanica leaves could be absorbed in whole intestinal,extent of absorption existed differences in the entire intestinal among different compounds,no difference in absorption was observed in the same compound. K_a and P_app had no significant difference when concentrantions of six kinds of flavonoids was 20-80 mg·L^-1.The concentration of flavonoids had no effect on absorption kinetics. Conclusion: Absorption mechanism of six kinds of flavonoids from S. tianschanica leaves is passive diffusion,they are not easily absorbed in the intestine.

Abstract:Objective: Taking decarburization fluid of Reduning injection as research object,to compare applicability of three kinds of membrane modules for membrane filtration of Reduning injection. Method: Hollow fibre,plate and roll type of membrane module was selected for ultrafiltration,taking membrane flux,transfer rates of index ingredients (gardenoside and chlorogenic acid) before and after ultrafiltration,fingerprint similarity,solid content decrement,protein,color comparison,oxalic acid salt and resin as indexes,membrane filtration effect of 3 kinds of membrane modules on Reduning injection was compared. Result: Three kinds of membrane modules existed differences on applicability of the same liquid system,membrane flux of plate type of membrane module was maximum,hollow fiber membrane module was minimum.Transmittances of gardenoside with hollow fiber,plate,roll type of membrane module were 87.53%,91.76% and 89.41%,transmittances of chlorogenic acid were 86.46%,91.23% and 89.47%,fingerprint similarity were 0.992,0.995 and 0.999,reduction rates of solid content were 21.35%,18.64% and 17.53%,liquid color from 8 into 3,4 and 5,respectively. Conclusion: In reduction rates of solid content and degree of clarity improvement,hollow fiber and plate type of membranes have advantages by camparing with roll type of membrane.Three types of membrane modules are suitable for ultrafiltration of decarburization fluid of Reduning injection,which best plate type of membrane.

Abstract:Objective: To establish determination method for in vitro dissolution of alkaloids in Xianglian pills,reveal its in vitro dissloution behavior and influence factors. Method: HPLC was used to determine contents of berberine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride with mobile phase of acetonitrile-potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (30 : 70) and detection wavelength at 350 nm.Small cup method was used to determine and draw dissloution curves of berberine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride in Xianglian pills under different pH and volume of dissolution medium,rotation speed of stirring paddle.Origin Pro 8.0 was used to fit dissolution curves with Weibull distribution model and calculate dissolution parameters of T₅₀ (the time for dissolution 50%) and T_d (the time for dissolution 63.2%). Result: Dissloution curves of berberine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride all fitted successfully with Weibull equation.These two components dissoved quickly and completely in dissolution medium with pH of 1.0,with increasing of pH of dissolution medium,both dissolution speed and rate decreased.When pH were 6.8 and 7.8,cumulative dissolution rate of these two components was less than 50%.With increasing of stirring speed, T₅₀ and T_dof these two components slightly decreased.In volume range of 100-250 mL,both T₅₀ and T_d of these two components had not significant difference.Under the same conditions, T₅₀ and T_d of palmatine hydrochloride were less than these two parameters of berberine hydrochloride. Conclusion: Dissolution medium pH has significant influence on dissloution of alkaloids in Xianglian pills,rotation speed of stirring paddle has a certain effect on dissolution speed,but dissolution medium volume almost has no effect.Dissloution of palmatine hydrochloride is slightly quicker than berberine hydrochloride.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate effect of “treating winter disease in summer” prescriptionon compatibility on percutaneous absorption of tetrahydropalmatine. Method: Franz-type diffusion cell was employed,taking isolated rat skin as transdermal barrier,HPLC was adopted to determine the content of tetrahydropalmatine in in vitro percutaneous absorption liquid with mobile phase of methanol-0.1% formic acid,detection wavelength at 280 nm and flow rate of 0.8 mL·min^-1.Cumulative permeation quantities and penetration rates of tetrahydropalmatine in “treating winter disease in summer” patches with different prescription compatibility were calculated. Result: In vitro percutaneous behavior of tetrahydropalmatine complied with the zero-order kinetics equation.Penetration rate (1.04 μg·cm^-2·h^-1) and cumulative permeation quantity (29.54 μg·cm^-2) of the whole group were greater than a single herb and difference was statistically significant.By comparing with the lack of Kansui Radix group and the lack of Asari Radix et Rhizoma group,effect of the whole group on in vitro percutaneous absorption of tetrahydropalmatine had no significant,however,compared with the lack of Semen Sinapis,difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: “Treating winter disease in summer” prescription compatibility has a certain influence on percutaneous absorption of tetrahydropalmatine,Semen Sinapis can enhance transdermal absorption of tetrahydropalmatine.

Abstract:Objective: To optimize extraction process of volatile oil from Jingfang Zhiyang granules. Method: HPLC was employed to determine the content of pulegone with mobile phase of methanol-water and detection wavelength at 252 nm.Taking yield of volatile oil and the content of pulegone as indexes,Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology was adopted to optimize extraction process of volatile oil with soaking time,extraction time and solid-to-liquid ratio as factors. Result: Optimum extraction process was as follows:soaked 2 h and extracted 6.5 h with 9 times the amount of water.Yield of volatile oil was 0.69 mL with the content of pulegone was 38.17 g·L^-1,these values were similar to their predictive values. Conclusion: This optimized extraction process is reasonable and feasible,which can effectively retain volatile ingredients in Jingfang Zhiyang granules.

Abstract:Objective: To introduce a new room temperature drying process with separator feature,optimize this drying process of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum with Lingnan characteristic and analyze quality of its dried products. Method: UV spectrophotometry was employed to determine the content of total free amino acids with detection wavelength at 567 nm.With composite score of appearance,contents of alcohol-soluble extract and total free amino acids as index,orthogonal test was adopted to optimize drying process by taking material density,drying temperature and timeas factors. Result: Optimal process conditions was as following:dried 4 h at 35 ℃ when material density of 9 g.Contents of alcohol-soluble extract and total free amino acids were 9.50%and 1.16%,respectively. Conclusion: This new normal temperature drying process is energy-efficient,convenient and feasible.

Abstract:Objective: To compare HPLC fingerprints of organic acids in Gardeniae Fructus at different collecting stages for determining the dynamic changes of these compounds. Method: The chromatographic separations were obtained on a Kromasil C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with a gradient elution using the mobile phase consisting of 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1. The detection wavelength was set at 327 nm, and the column temperature was 40 ℃. The HPLC fingerprints were analyzed by similarity evaluation analysis to conduct the chemical pattern recognition. Result: Using the established reference fingerprint of Gardeniae Fructus as standard, all sample fingerprints for green, yellow and red Gardeniae Fructus were evaluated, with the ranges of similarity 0.94-1.00,0.81-0.92 and 0.53-0.74, respectively. Conclusion: The study offers the basis of quality control of Gardeniae Fructus and the realization of good agricultural practice.

Abstract:Objective: Set up the analysis method of alpha asarone in situ gel and the analysis method of it's in vitro release. Method: HPLC instrument with SHIM-PACK VP-ODS column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)was used.The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (75 : 25),The wavelength for detection was 258 nm. And using pH 7.4 slightly PBS as release liquid. Result: The liner range of alpha asarone was 10.4-104 mg·L^-1(r=1).The average recovery was 100.6%,RSD was 2.19% in the determination of experiment.The liner range of alpha asarone was 2.06-82.4 mg·L^-1(r=0.999 9).The average recovery was 95.83%,RSD was 2.5% in the in vitro release experiment. Conclusion: The method is exclusive,accurate and reliable.And it can lay the foundation for follow-up study.

Abstract:Objective: To establish characteristic spectra of volatile components in drying flowers of Plumeria rubra cv. Acutifolia by gas chromatography (GC) and determine contents of linalool,geraniol and nerolidol. Method: GC was employed to determine contents of index ingredients in drying flowers of 20 batches of P. rubra cv. Acutifolia and 3 batches of P. rubra,then GC characteristic spectra of volatile components in drying flowers of P. rubra cv. Acutifolia was established in order to investigate differences between P.rubra cv. Acutifolia and P.rubra. Result: Eleven peaks were selected as characteristic peaks to assess similarities of different samples from different origins.There were significant differences in characteristic spectra between P.rubra cv. Acutifolia and P.rubra. Samples were divided into two categories, P. rubra was one of them.Contents difference of volatile ingredients in 20 batches of P. rubra cv. Acutifolia were great. Conclusion: This method is quick and simple,which can be used as an effective mean for quality evaluation of volatile ingredientsin P. rubra cv. Acutifolia.

Abstract:Objective: To discuss the influence of drug compatibility on the components of the volatile oil in Menthae Haplocalycis Herba and Schizonepetae Spica, and to provide a basis for researching basis of effective material for the drug pair. Method: Steam distillation was used to extraction of the volatile oil Menthae Haplocalycis Herba,Schizonepetae Spica and their combination. GC-MS was used to analyze the volatile oil of them. Result: 40 compounds were identified from the volatile oil of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, including 21 compounds were not detected from the drug pair oil;27 compounds were identified from the volatile oil of Schizonepetae Spica, including 6 compounds were not detected from the drug pair oil. In volatile oil of the drug pair, there are 35 compounds were identified, including 5 new components that were not detected in volatile oil of single Medicinal herbs. Conclusion: There were some changes between the volatile oil of single Medicinal herbs and the volatile oil of the drug pair.These phenomena may be due to the occurrence of certain chemical reactions and physical changes in compatibility of decocting process. Further research is worth change compound group and the corresponding compatibility after decocting efficacy.

Abstract:Objective: To establish the chromatographic method for rapid determination of 25 pesticide residues in Ginseng extract by QuEChERS-GC-MS. Method: The samples were extracted with acetone which included acetonitrile,the sodium chloride,anhydrous magnesium sulfate salting out process,and cleaned up by PSA and GCB,and reduced the matrix effect by Matrix matched standard curve method. Result: The endrin aldehyde, p, p'-DDT,methoxychlor showed relatively strong matrix effects(ME >130%),and parathion showed strong matrix effects (ME >150%),after the correction of matrix calibration curve,the linear range was 0.01-1 mg·L^-1 and r >0.995 4,the recovery range was 81.8%-110.7% in 3 adding level (0.1,0.5,1.0 μg·g^-1), RSD<15%,LOQ was 3-48 μg·kg^-1. Conclusion: The method is accurate, sensitive and suitable for the determination of pesticide residues in ginseng extract.

Abstract:Objective: To establish a near infrared spectroscopy method for rapid detection the characteristic contents in Wujiapi liquor extract. Method: The contents of glycyrrhizic acid, costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone determined by HPLC method were used as reference values and the near infrared spectroscopy of the Wujiapi liquor extract were collected by fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy technology. Partial least square (PLS) was utilized to build the quantitative calibration models and the unknown samples were quantitatively determined. Result: The results showed that the mean square errors of cross-validation (RMSECV) were 0.023 9, 0.021 8 and 0.012 6, respectively, the correlation coefficient (R²) were 0.978 0, 0.978 7 and 0.975 7, respectively. External validation samples collected were used to evaluate the quantitative models. The root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.023 7, 0.018 8 and 0.010 7, respectively. Conclusion: Using near infrared spectroscopy the models have good predictive effect, which could meet the demand to rapid detect the characteristic constituents in Wujiapi liquor extract.

Abstract:Objective: To establish a pre-column derivation HPLC method of chromatographic fingerprint of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharide. Method: Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharide was hydrolyzed with trifluoroacetic acid and derivated by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). The monosaccharide composition was separated by reversed-phase technique on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase composed of 0.1 mol·L^-1phosphate buffer (pH 6.7) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 84.5 : 15.5.The flow rate was 0.8 mL·min^-1. The detection wavelength was set at 250 nm, and column temperature was at 30 ℃. Result: There were 10 common peaks from the fingerprint and 7 peaks were identified as D-mannose, L-rhamnose, D-galacturonic, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-xylose, and D-arabinose. The similarity of 10 batches of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharide was more than 0.99. Conclusion: The method is accurate and reproducible, which can be used for the quality control of Polygonati Rhizoma.

Abstract:Objective: Study the volatile components of Tiaoyuan powder and explore its pharmacodynamic material basis for the treatments of autism and related symptoms. Method: Headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and steam distillation (SD) combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry technique (GC-MS) were used to analyze and identify volatile components;HS-SPME-GC-MS were used to analyze volatile components before and after decoction. Result: 48 volatile components were detected by SD-GC-MS, among them 28 were identified, accounting for 85.44% of the total volatile components. 122 volatile components were detected before the decoction, 73 were identified, accounting for 75.56% of the total volatile components. 50 volatile components were detected after the decoction, 27 were identified, accounting for 93.49% of the total volatile components. In three experiments a total of 97 peaks were identified;the highest content was α-asarone. Conclusion: This study not only provided a methodological foundation for volatile components analysis of Tiaoyuan powder, but also provided a reference on phamacodynamic material basis for improving autism.

Abstract:Objective: To study the chemical components of the volatile oil from Wenxin granule including the main constituents and their relative content percentages among total oil. Method: The chemical components of the volatile oil from Wenxin granule were extracted and analyzed by applying Head Space Solid Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPME) and GC-MS techniques. The chemical components were identified by retrieving NIST08.L mass spectral library (matching ≥80%), combined with the reported literature data. Result: The 52 components were identified from the volatile oil of Wenxin granule, accounting for 67.39%. Among which, spathulenol, isocaryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and other five compounds were the main constituents. The result was basically identical with the data reported in the literatures of the volatile oil of Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma. Conclusion: The research provides basis for the further material basis study of the Wenxin granule, and accumulates laboratory data for optimization of quality control.

Abstract:Objective: To establish a determination method for gallic acid and quercetin in Archidendri Folium from different producing areas. Method: HPLC was performed on Odyssil C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), gradiently eluting with acetonitrile as mobile phase A and 0.2% H₃PO₄ as B at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1. The column temperature was 30 ℃. The detection wavelength was 254 nm. The injection volume was 5 μL. Result: The linearity of gallic acid was good in the range of 0.060 2-1.806 μg (r=0.999 5), and the average recovery was 97.27% (RSD 1.4%). The linearity of quercetin was good in the range of 0.016 9-0.507 6 μg (r=0.999 6), and the average recovery of 96.29%(RSD 1.3%). Conclusion: The established method is simple, accurate and can be used for the determination of gallic acid and quercetin in Archidendri Folium, it can able to provide reference for quality control of Archidendri Folium.

Abstract:Objective: To establish an exclusive method to determine the content of total flavonoids in Abrus mollis. Method: UV-VIS spectrophotometry was used to study the absorption spectrum changes of flavonoids in triethylamine (TEA) chromogenic agent with different concentrations of ethanol aqueous solution medium. Result: There was obvious difference between different flavonoids before and after coloration. The TEA method could be used to determine the content of apigenin flavonoids and and their absorption spectra were remarkably influenced by different concentrations of ethanol aqueous solution with the stable absorption wavelength of 400 nm after coloration in 50% ethanol aqueous solution. After the methodological study, 6-C-glycopyranosyl-8-C-glycopyranosyl apigenin had a good linearity in the ringe of 0.507-101.4 mg·L^-1(r=0.999 5), the average recovery was 98.01%with RSD of 2.1%. Conclusion: The content of total apigenin flavonoids in A. mollis can be determined by the TEA method in 50% EtOH aqueous solution with good specificity, accuracy and simple operation.

Abstract:Objective: To invesitgate transitional features of rat plasma after administration of benzofuran glycosides part from Psoraleae Fructus. Method: A HPLC-UV method was established to determine contents of psoralenoside and isopsoralenoside in rat plasma after administration of benzofuran glycosides part,mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid water in gradient elution,detection wavelength was set at 246 nm.Plasma concentration-time data were dealed with SPSS 11.0 software. Result: Psoralenoside and isopsoralenoside appeared in plasma after 15 min of administration of benzofuran glycosides with 0.003 g·g^-1,and reached the peak concentration in 1.5 h,also their metabolites (psoralen and isopsoralen) were found in plasma. Conclusion: Specificity and characteristic of plasma HPLC are good,which is successfully used for quantification of psoralenoside and isopsoralenoside in rat plasma after administration of benzofuran glycosides part,benzofuran glycosides can be transformed into corresponding coumarins in rat.

Abstract:Objective: To analysis effect of Ruanjian Sanjie (RJ) prescription on pharmacokinetic behavior of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in rats. Method: Rats were divided into two groups,one group was given 5-Fu only and the other one was given 5-Fu and RJ prescription together.Plasma samples were separated and extracted by 10% perchloric acid solution,HPLC was employed to determine the content of 5-Fu with mobile phase of 0.01 mol·L^-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate,a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min^-1 and detection wavelength at 265 nm.Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by WinNonlin 5.2.1 software with non-compartmental model. Result: RJ prescription could obviously reduce T_max [the combined group was (0.381±0.075) h and the single group was (0.514±0.122) h] and apparent volume of distribution [the combined group was (5.915±1.196) mL and the single group was (11.307±5.393) mL] of 5-Fu in rats,but no obvious changes on other parameters. Conclusion: RJ prescription can promote absorption of 5-Fu in rats by intraperitoneal injection,while inhibiting trend of 5-Fu distribution from blood to tissues.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effects of the Zuogui Jiangtang Yishen decoction (ZJYD) on the mRNA expressions of renal transforming growth factor-β₁ (TGF-β₁) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) of MKR mice with diabetic nephropathy. Method: Sixty MKR mice were divided into 4 groups, the control group, the model group, the ZJYD group (28.8 g·kg^-1) and the gliquidone (0.003 9 mg·kg^-1) combined benazepril hydrochloride (0.001 3 g·kg^-1) group of 15 each according to sex, fasting blood-glucose (FBG) and body weight. Another 15 C57 mice with the same age were assigned to the normal group. The diabetic nephropathy model was induced in mice by mono-nephrectomy and a high-fat diet. Eight weeks after the operation, the drugs were intragastrically administrated to the mice for eight weeks. The levels of FBG were detected by electrochemical method. Serum creatinine (SCr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) were observed by routine biochemistry quantitative assay. The urine microalbminurine (UmALB) was observed by using ELISA. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β₁ and CTGF were analyzed by using RT-PCR. The pathological changes in the renal tissues were observed by HE staining and Masson staining. Result: Compared to the control group, the FBS, SCr, BUN and UmALB increased in the model group (P <0.01). Compared to the model group, the FBS, SCr, BUN and UmALB decreased, the mRNA expressions of TGF-β₁ and CTGF decreased in the ZJYD group (P <0.01). Moreover, the pathological lesion of renal tissue was improved in the ZJYD group. The curative effects of ZJYD were equivalent to the gliquidone combined benazepril hydrochloridegroup. Conclusion: ZJYD could inhibit the development of renal interstitial fibrosis by down-regulating the mRNA expressions of TGF-β₁ and CTGF.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the action of Bushen Jianpi decoction (BSJP) on the adipogenic differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) in tail suspension model rats. Method: Rats were assigned to five groups randomly:control(C),tail suspended(S),high dose of BSJP (H), middle dose of BSJP (M) and low dose of BSJP (L) groups. Rats in S, H, M and L groups were suspended by head down tilt -30° for 21 days to simulate weightlessness. Rats of H, M and L groups were orally administrated with BSJP and other groups with equivalent saline from the first day. BMSCs were isolated and cultured by adherence method, and the third generation cells were induced by adipogenic differentiation solution. The lipid droplet formation was detected by oil red O staining and the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was analyzed by Real time PCR and Western blot. The content of triglycerides(TG) in cells was examined on day 7, 14, 21 of adipogenic differentiation. Result: Compared with the C group, the content of TG was increased significantly on day 7, 14, 21 of adipogenic differentiation, the adipogenic differentiation potential and the mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ were also increased on day 21 of adipogenic differentiation in S group.Compared with the S group, the content of TG was declined on day 7, 14, 21 of adipogenic differentiation in BSJP H, M and L dose groups, the adipogenic differentiation potential and the mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ were also decreased on day 21 of adipogenic differentiation in the three groups. Compared with the M group, the content of TG on day 14, 21 of adipogenic differentiation were reduced in H group, the adipogenic differentiation potential and the expression of PPARγ were decreased in H group. Conclusion: The BSJP can inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by down-regulating the expression of PPARγ and the inhibition effect of high dose in the BSJP is best.

Abstract:Objective: To study the effects of Wendan Tang on protein kinase C(PKC), p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK) and phosphorylated connexin43(P-Cx43)of hippocampus in rats with schizophrenia. Method: Seventy-two SD rats were randomly averaging divided six groups:normal group(A,20 mL·kg^-1),model group(B,20 mL·kg^-1),Clozapine group(C,20 mg·kg^-1) and Wendan Tang high-dosage group(D,40 g·kg^-1),Wendan Tang medium-dosage group(E,20 g·kg^-1),Wendan Tang low-dosage group(F,10 g·kg^-1).The A and B groups were given normal saline,the C group was given Clozapine, the D,E,F groups were respectively given Wendan Tang, every day,for 21 days.The B, C, D, E, F groups were ip given dizocipine maleate(MK-801) 0.6 mg·kg^-1 to establish rat schizophrenia model, and stereotyped behavior of rats were observed. After three days, the rats were sacrificed and the hippocampus tissue was tested. The expressions of PKC,p38 MAPK,P-Cx43 in hippocampus tissue was determined by Western bloting. Result: Compared with A group, rats of B group appeared stereotyped behavior,the expressions of PKC, p38 MAPK,P-Cx43 in hippocampus tissue was increased(P <0.05).Compared with B group,stereotyped behavior was improved,Wendan Tang could significantly decrease the expression of PKC,p38 MAPK,P-Cx43 in hippocampus tissue(P <0.05).The degree of phosphorylation of Cx43 is also statistically significant(P <0.05) and the highest level of phosphorylation in the model group. Conclusion: Wendan Tang can significantly reduce concentration of PKC,p38 MAPK and P-Cx43,thereby regulating gap junction intercellular communication(GJIC) function.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effects of Modified Longmu Ningshen decoction (MLND) on the mouse model of depression. Method: Sixty ICR mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:the normal group (normal saline), the fluoxetine group (25 mg·kg^-1) and the low-, medium-, high-dose MLND groups (4, 8, 16 g·kg^-1). The corresponding medicines and normal saline at 0.02 mL·kg^-1 body weight were administrated to the mice once daily for 10 days. The effect on acute stress including tail suspension immobility time and swimming immobility time, the changes of body weight, body temperature and behavior were observed. Another 72 ICR mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:the normal group (normal saline), the model group (reserpine), the fluoxetine group (25 mg·kg^-1) and the low-, medium-, high-dose MLND groups (4, 8, 16 g·kg^-1). The corresponding medicines at 0.02 mL·kg^-1 body weight were administrated to the mice once daily for 10 days. The effect on depression including ptosis, akinesia and temperature were observed. The contents of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in serum and the whole brain were determined. Result: Compared with the normal group, MLND could shorten the immobility time of tail suspension and swimming of mice in the acute stress experiment (P <0.05, P <0.01). MLND could reduce the levels of IL-2, inhibit the reserpine-induced body temperature rising, eye ptosis and akinesia of mice, and decrease the level of 5-HT significantly (P <0.05, P <0.01). Conclusion: MLND has a certain anti-depression effect and the mechanism may be related to increasing 5-HT and decreasing of IL-2.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effect of aconite containing serum on L-type calcium channel in isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Method: Aconite decoction 15.6 g·kg^-1 was were ig given rats 7 d to prepare containing serum;The concentration of containing drug serum was 10% to obtain rat ventricular myocyte, enzymatic dissociation was used,whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record the L-type calcium channel current, L-type calcium channel current amplitude and kinetics characteristics were observed. Result: In the blank serum group and drug serum group the average peak current density and average activation after administration were respectively (-3.59±1.06) pA/pF,12.87%(n=8, P <0.05)and (-4.01±0.88) pA/pF,51.17%(n=8, P <0.01). In aconite containing serum before and after the treatment V_1/2 and K of activation curve were respectively (-12.66±0.44) mV and (5.70±0.35);(-14.71±0.88) mV and (5.68±0.72)(P <0.05, n=8).In aconite containing serum before and after the treatment V_1/2 and K of inactivation curve were respectively (-28.10±0.20) mV,and (6.31±0.18) mV;(-37.55±0.11) mV and (5.94±0.09) (P <0.05, n=8).Aconite containing serum recovery curves before and after medication for the τ:(171.01±11.13)ms and(160.15±4.97)ms(n=8). Conclusion: Aconite containing serum has activate function to the myocardial cells of L-type calcium channel currents.

Abstract:Objective: To study the antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Urena lobata (DTH) on Staphylococcus aureus in vivo. Method: One hundred and eight KM mice were randomly divided into 9 groups:the normal group, the model group, the high-, medium-, low-dose DTH groups (40, 20, 10 g·kg^-1), the cefazolin group (0.5 g·kg^-1), the DTH plus cefazolin group (DTH 20 g·kg^-1, cefazolin 0.5 g·kg^-1), the levofloxacin group (0.09 g·kg^-1), the DTH plus levofloxacin group (DTH 20 g·kg^-1, levofloxacin 0.09 g·kg^-1) of 12 each. The mouse pneumonia model of S. aureus infection was established by nasal cavity instillation. The different medicines were administrated to the mice after inoculation for 4 days. The lung tissue homogenate colony culture numbers of the mouse were monitored. The white blood cell count (WBC), the percent of neutrophile granulocyte (NEU%), absolute neutrophil count (NEU), immune globulin G (IgG) and IgM were detected. The antibacterial effects on bacterial pneumonia mice were tested. Result: The lung tissue homogenate colony culture number was (7.212±0.578), (6.210±0.570)×10⁸ CFU·g^-1, respectively, in the medium-and high-dose DTH groups, was (3.928±0.165), (2.042±0.076)×10⁸ CFU·g^-1, respectively, in the cefazolin group and DTH plus cefazolin group, which were lower than those in the model group (P <0.01). Meanwhile, the results were better in the DTH plus cefazolin group. The lung tissue homogenate colony culture number was (5.375±0.837), (4.888±0.820)×10⁸ CFU·g^-1, respectively, in the levofloxacin group and the DTH plus levofloxacin group, which were lower than those in the model group (P <0.01). Meanwhile, the results were better in the DTH plus levofloxacin group. The inflammatory exudate in the bronchial lumen and alveolar inflammatory cells infiltration decreased, alveolar structure was restored in the high-, medium-dose DTH groups and the DTH plus cefazolin, DTH plus levofloxacin groups. Moreover, the counts of WBC, NEU%,NEU and IgG, IgM decreased in the high-dose DTH group and the DTH plus cefazolin, DTH plus levofloxacin groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that DTH has a certain degree of antibacterial effects on S. aureus in vivo. There are different degrees of combination effects against S. aureus when combined with cefazolin sodium or levofloxacin.

Abstract:Objective: To evaluate the effect of Sarcandra glabra on radiation-induced lung injury of right thoracic irradiation of Bama minipigs. Method: Sixty miniature pigs were randomly divided into the control group, the radiotherapy group and the S. glabra group. The pigs except the control group received a single right thoracic irradiation under anesthesia. The pigs in the S. glabra group received S. glabra formula granule solution at 30 mg·kg^-1 one week before radiotherapy, and the pigs in other groups received the same volume of normal saline..Five pigs were randomly selected and sacrificed from the three groups at week 4, 8, 12 and 24 post-irradiation. The collagen deposition was measured by Masson's trichrome and hydroxyproline detection. The protein expressions of transforming growth factor β₁ (TGF-β₁), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were detected by Western Blot. The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were tested by Gelatin zymography. Result: At different weeks after irradiation, the protein expressions of TGF-β₁, MMP-2 and MMP-9, hydroxyproline content and gelatinase activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 increased in the radiotherapy group as compare to the control group (P <0.05). The protein expressions of TGF-β₁, MMP-2 and MMP-9, hydroxyproline content and gelatinase activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 decreased in the S. glabra group as compared with the radiotherapy group (P <0.05). Conclusion: S. glabra could slow down the development of radiation pulmonary fibrosis and have radiological protection by reducing the protein of TGF-β₁, MMP-2, MMP-9 and gelatinase activity.

Abstract:Objective: To study the effects of Zuogui Wan on the mRNA expression of 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1(11 β-HSD1) in placenta of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rats. Method: Pregnant reproduction age SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:the normal pregnancy (C) group, the GDM control (GDM) group, the diabetes insulin treated (INS) group, Zuogui Wan treated (ZGW) group and Zuogui Wan combined insulin treated (F) group. The GDM was induced except the C group by injecting streptozocin (STZ) abdominally at 45 mg·kg^-1. The rats in the three treated groups received the treatment of Zuogui Wan and/or insulin from injecting STZ until 19-day pregnant. Glycemia was detected by using the glucose oxidase method. The corticosterone and insulin in blood serum were detected by using ELISA kit. The mRNA expression level of 11 β-HSD1 in placenta was evaluated by RT-qPCR, and the quantitative analysis was conducted. Result: Compared with the C group, the glycemia, serum insulin, corticosterone level and placental 11 β-HSD1 mRNA expression level increased in the GDM group (P <0.01). Compared with the GDM group, the glycemia level, serum insulin, corticosterone level and placental 11 β-HSD1 mRNA expression level decreased significantly in AGW and F groups, but the results were higher than those in the C group. Moreover, the effect is better in F group. Conclusion: Zuogui Wan could reduce the level of glycemia in diabetic rats. The mRNA expression of 11 β-HSD1 was found in placental and could be influenced by GDM. Zuogui Wans have the improving effects on the glycemic status of GDM rats, which may be related to reducing the placental 11 β-HSD1 gene expression level.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effect of Kangnaoye on the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in rat with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, and to study its cerebral protection mechanism. Method: Male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham-operation group, the ischemia reperfusion (I/R) group, the high-, medium-, and low-dose Kangnaoye groups (28.6, 14.3, 7.15 g·kg^-1·d^-1). The cerebral ischemia reperfusion model was prepared in rats by a improved Zea Longa method. The rats were killed at 1-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 72-and 168-h reperfusion after 2-h ischemia. The expression of BDNF, MMP-9 and ERK1/2 were observed by using immunohistochemical method. Result: Compared with I/R group, the expression of BDNF and ERK1/2 was upregulated, the numbers of MMP-9 positive cells decreased in the high-and medium-dose Kangnaoye groups (P <0.05). Moreover, the infarct volume decreased significantly at 24-reperfusion (P <0.05). Conclusion: Kangnaoye could protect neurovascular unit by promoting the expression of BDNF in brain tissue, activating ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and inhibiting the expression of MMP-9.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effect of genistein on A375 cells melanogenesis, and to investigate its correlation with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathways. Method: A375 was treated by the different concentrations of genistein for 48 h and the blank group was assigned. The cell activity was assayed by using MTT test. The amount of melanin was detected by using NaOH schizolysis method. The activity of tyrosinase (TYR) was detected by using L-dopa oxidation method. The mRNA expressions of tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase related proteins-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2, extracellular signal-reg-ulated kinase 1 (ERK1), ERK2 and c-Jun N terminal kinase 2 (JNK2) RT-PCR were measured by using RT-PCR. Result: Compared with control group, genistein at the safe dose (10^-1, 10^-2, 10^-3 μmol·L^-1) could significantly suppress the melanin formation and activity of TYR of A375 cells. genistein at 1 μmol·L^-1 could significantly inhibit the mRNA expressions of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, ERK1, ERK2 and JNK2 (P <0.05, P <0.01). Conclusion: It is assumed that genistein could significantly suppress melanogenesis of A375 cells by inhibiting the activity of TYR and down-regulating the expressions of TYR, TRP-1 and TRP-2, the effect may be associated with the expression inhibition of ERK1, ERK2 and JNK2.

Abstract:Objective: To study the effect of ShanJing capsule on nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) signal pathway relating apoptosis proteins caspases-3 (Caspase-3), anti-apoptotic genes B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2(Bcl-2), pro-apoptotic genes Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax), explore its protective effects on myocardial ischemia and mechanisms. Method: Wistar rats the coronary artery of which were ligated were used for myocardial ischemia model, the changes of the ST section in electrocardiogram(ECG) were observed, and randomly divided into 5 groups:model (0.9% sodium chloride), Shanjing capsule high, medium and low dose (respectively 283.5, 850.5,1 701.0 mg·kg^-1), Metoprolol capsules(324.0 mg·kg^-1), compared with sham group (0.9% sodium chloride). All groups were administered once daily for 10 days. The ST segment,serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were observed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the NF-κB, Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2 protein of myocardial tissue. Result: Compared with the sham group, ST segment elevation was significantly raised (P <0.05), LDH, CK and AST activity was significantly higher (P <0.05), NF-κB, Caspase-3, Bax's protein expression levels of myocardial tissue were significantly higher (P <0.05), Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly lower (P <0.05) in the model group;Shanjing capsule could obviously ameliorate the raise of ST segment, and lower activity of CK, LDH and AST. Shanjing capsule could obviously decrease the protein expressions of NF-κB, Caspase-3 and Bax and increase the protein expression of Bcl-2. Conclusion: Shanjing capsule could regulate the expressions of NF-κB signaling pathway relating proteins, inhibit the myocardial apoptosis and reduce ischemia anoxic pathological damage of myocardial muscle cells to protect the myocardial muscle.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effect of Nutmeg Wuwei pills on the depressive behavior and the monoamine neurotransmitters of depression rat model andexplore the mechanism. Method: Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, fluoxetine group(3.6 mg·kg^-1) and Nutmeg Wuwei pills low, medium and high dose groups(0.2,0.4,0.8 g·kg^-1),10 rats in each group. After 21 days, behavior evaluation was made through observing the rats weight, open-field experiment and sugar consumption experiment. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method was used for determination of the content of the rat hippocampus 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), norepinephrine(NE) and dobaamine(DA). Result: Compared with normal group, the scores of horizontal activity and vertical activity, sugar consumption were decreased significantly in the model group. Compared with model group, fluoxetine group and Nutmeg Wuwei pills groups got significantly higher scores of horizontal activity, vertical activity and sugar consumption. Nutmeg Wuwei pills could increase hippocampus 5-HT, NE and DA content, especially which was significant in the medium and high dose groups (P <0.05, P <0.01). Conclusion: Nutmeg Wuwei pills can improve abnormal behavior of depressive model rats and improve the neurotransmitter NE, 5-HT, DA. The anti-depressive mechanism is mainly due to increasing the cerebral monoamine neurotransmitters concentration in the brains.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the influence of extracts of Paederia scandens (EPS) on blood glucose and anti-oxidative effect in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Method: Diabetic mice were established by vein intravenous injection with STZ (120 mg·kg^-1). The diabetic mice were randomly divided into five groups, each group was consist of 10 mice:model group, metformin group, low-, medium-, high-dose (2.5, 5, 10 g·kg^-1) of EPS groups. Another 10 normal mice were considered as normal control group. The mice were administrated with drugs for 14 days, and the fasted blood glucose (FBG) was determined at 0^th day, 7^th day and 14^th day. After 14 days, the superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activities in serum and liver tissue were measured. Result: Compared to normal control group, the serum and liver tissue levels of SOD and GSH-Px in model group were significantly decreased, and the FBG and MDA levels were increased. The FBG of EPS administration groups were significantly decreased compared with model group. While the serum and liver tissue levels of SOD and GSH-Px were elevated and the MDA content was decreased after EPS administration. Conclusion: The hypoglycemic mechanism of EPS on diabetic mice was likely involved in improving the anti-oxidative capability of liver tissue.

Abstract:Objective: In order to evaluate the inducing toxicity effect of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and different compatibility proportion of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in neonatal rats cardiomyocytes. Method: The primary culture cardiac cells (6 d) were randomly divided into normal(NC) group, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Ginsang Radix et Rhizoma(AG) group, blood serum(BS) group. The inducing toxicity effect of blood serum of different compatibility proportion of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma on spontaneous imp frequency, cell viability, superoxde dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), Nitric oxide (NO) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) was investigated in vitro in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The activity of Caspases-3, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein, the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspases-3 mRNA was assayed by spectrophotometry, western blot and real-time PCR respectively. Result: Compared with AG_1:0 group, the content of SOD increased obviously, spontaneous imp frequency, the content of MDA, the secretory volume of NO and the release rate of LDH decreased obviously, the activity of Caspases-3, the expression of Bax protein and Caspases-3 mRNA decreased obviously, the expression of Bcl-2 protein and Bcl-2 mRNA increased gradually, cell viability increased in 2-4 h significantly (P <0.05) in other AG groups. Compared with BS group, there was no significant difference in AG_{1 : 0.5} group in the above indexes. Conclusion: There was a significant inducing toxicity effect of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and different compatibility proportion of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in neonatal rats cardiomyocytes, the optimization compatibility proportion in AG_1:0.5.

Abstract:Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the clinical efficacy of Yangxue Huaban decoction (YXHB) and its effecton serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in treating the blood dryness syndrome of plaque type psoriasis. Method: In this study, one hundred and fifteen patients with the blood dryness syndrome of plaque type psoriasis were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group. The 78 patients in the treatment group were treated with YXHB and the 37 patients in the control group were treated with Xiaoying capsule (XY). The changes in the score of psoriasis area, severity index (PASI) and the symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine were observed before and after treatment in two groups respectively. The levels of TNF-α and VEGF in serum of psoriastic patients before and after treatment in the treatment group were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA), with 30 healthy serum samples as healthy controls. The period of treatment was 8 weeks. Result: YXHB and XY apparently improved PASI score and the symptoms in TCM after treatment as compared with those before treatment (P< 0.05). The total effective rate of YXHB was 78.2%, with no significant difference compared with that of control group. YXHB relieved TCM symptoms much better than XY. Compared with healthy controls, the levels of TNF-α and VEGF with psoriastic patients were higher (P< 0.05). And comparison of TNF-α and VEGF levels before and after treatment also showed significant differences (P< 0.05). Conclusion: YXHB was effective in the treatment of the blood dryness syndrome of plaque type psoriasis. It reduced the levels of serum TNF-α and VEGF, which is partly responsible for the clinical efficacy.

Abstract:Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the clinical efficacy of prostant on chronic non-bacterial prostatitis(CNP). Method: In this study, one hundred and seventy-six cases of liver depression and blood stasis patients with this disease were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group using digital table method, with 88 cases in each group. The treatment group was given oral Qianliean pills 10 grams every time,3 times a day, while the control group was given oral Qianlie Kang tablets, 5 tablets every time, 3 times a day. The clinical curative effect, chronic iflammatory prostate(NIH-CPSI) score, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) symptom score, prostate fluid parameters and urine flow rate before and after treatment were observed four weeks after treatment in the two groups. Result: After the treatment for four weeks, the total effective rate in treatment group (90.97%) was significantly higher than that in control group (68.60%) (P <0.01).The NIH-CPSI total score(9.75±3.67),TCM symptom score(6.15±3.24)in treatment group significantly reduced compared with the control group (15.83±3.71),(9.36±5.12)(P <0.01). In the treatment group, the prostatic fluid white blood cells and lecithin body score(0.86±0.74),(0.75±0.63)improved significantly compared with the control group (1.54±0.37),(1.40±0.25)(P <0.01). In treatment group, maximal urinary flow rate (MFR) and average urinary flow rate (AFR) [(22.35±4.26),(12.35±2.24) mL·s^-1] increased significantly compared with the control group[(16.54±2.73),(10.12±2.65)mL·s^-1] (P <0.01). Conclusion: Qianliean pellet can significantly decrease the NIH-CPSI score and TCM symptom score in patients with CNP, and improve the prostatic fluid parameters and urine flow rate. The clinical curative effect is remarkable.

Abstract:Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the influence of blood lipids, inflammatory factors and endothelial function in patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) by Xueshuantong injection. Method: In this study, eighty acute coronary syndrome patients treated by PCI between December 2012 and June 2014 were included, and according to the random numbers, they were divided into treatment group and control group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional drug treatment, on the basis of the control group, the treatment group was given Xueshuantong injection for treatment. The lipid level, inflammation factors, endothelial function and adverse reactions before and after surgery were compared. Result: In treatment group, there was no case with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI) grade of level 0, 0 case in level Ⅰ, 6 cases in level Ⅱ, 34 cases in level Ⅲ.In control group, there was 0 case in level 0, 0 cases in level Ⅰ, 15 cases in level Ⅱ, 25 cases in level Ⅲ, with significant difference compared to treatment group(P <0.05).After drug intervention for one month after sugery, the levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in both two groups were decreased, while the level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased, with significance difference (P <0.05). The levels of TC,TG, LDL-C in treatment group was lower than those in control group, the level of HDL-C was higher than that in control group, with significant difference (P <0.05). Preoperative high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6), endothelin(ET),fibrinogen(Fg), von willebrand factor(vWF) one day after surgery were all increased, but with no significant difference between two groups. The hs-CRP, IL-6, ET, Fg, vWF one month after surgery in two groups were decreased with significant difference (P <0.05), and the hs-CRP, IL-6, ET, Fg, vWF one month after surgery in treatment group were lower than those of control group with statistical significance (P <0.05). Within a month after surgery, in control group there were 4 cases for angina pectoris, 1 case for myocardial infarction, the incidence of cardiac event was 12.5%;while in treatment group there were 2 cases for angina pectoris, none for myocardial infarction, the incidence of cardiac event was 5.0%, with no statistically significant differences between two groups. Conclusion: Xueshuantong injection can control postoperative blood lipids in patients with acute coronary syndromes, inhibit inflammation, improve endothelial function,and reduce postoperative cardiac events.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the protective effect of Bushen Jianpi Jiangzhuo decoction for oral administration/enema in treating patients with chronic kidney disease stage 4 (CKD 4). Method: One hundred patients with CKD 4 were randomly divided into the control group (48 cases) and the observation group (52 cases) by a random number table. Patients in the control group received 100 mg losartan potassium tablets once daily. Based on the treatment of the control group, patients in the observation group added Bushen Jianpi Jiangzhuo decoction for oral administration/enema. All patients in both two groups received 6 months of treatment. Before and after treatment, 24-hour urine protein quantitation (24-h Upr), urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were detected. Epidermal growth factor receptor (eGFR) was calculated. The main symptoms, signs and the end points of response rate were recorded. Health related quality of life (SF-36) was evaluated. Result: The total clinical efficiency in the observation group was 82.69%, which was superior to that of 64.58% in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, 24-h Upr in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P <0.01). BUN and SCr increased persistently (P <0.05, P <0.01), eGFR decreased (P <0.01) in the control group. BUN and eGFR decreased (P <0.01), and SCr increased in the observation group. Levels of UN and SCr were lower than those in the control group, and level of eGFR was higher than that in the control group (P <0.01). At the third and sixth month after treatment, scores of the main symptoms and signs in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.01). The end point of response rate in the observation group was 23.08%, which was lower than that of 43.75% in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, scores of general health, social function, vigour of life and mental health in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the conventional Western treatment, Bushen Jianpi Jiangzhuo decoction for oral administration/enema could protect the renal function and delay condition progress of patients with CKD 4.Moreover, it could ameliorate symptoms, and improve patients' quality of life. Its efficacy is superior to using Western treatment alone.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Tangshang I decoction for oral administration combined Changchun Tangshang cream using externally in treating patients with second-degree burns. Method: Ninety patients were randomly divided into the control group (45 cases) and the observation group (45 cases) by a random number table. Patients in the control group received Changchun Tangshang cream externally. Patients in the observation group added Tangshang I decoction orally. Patients with superficial second-degree burns received 10 days of treatment, and patients with deep second degree burns received 28 days of treatment. Pain relief time, wound non-leakage time, wound healing time and heat toxin syndrome scores were recorded. Result: After therapy, pain relief time, wound non-leakage time, wound healing time of patients with superficial and deep second-degree burns in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (P <0.01). The comprehensive curative effect in the observation group was superior to that in the control group (P <0.05). The heat toxin syndrome effect in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference for anti-inflammatory effect between two groups. Conclusion: Tangshang I decoction combined Changchun Tangshang cream could promote burn wound healing, shorten the healing time, relieve the pain in patients with superficial and deep second-degree burns. It has definite comprehensive curative effect on burns and curative effect on heat toxin syndrome.

Abstract:Objective: To discuss the clinical efficacy of Bushen Tongluo decoction in treating patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), and to investigate its influence on inflammation and oxidative stress. Method: Ninety-seven patients with AD were randomly divided into the control group (40 cases) and the combination group with traditional Chinese combined Western medicine treatment (40 cases) by a random number table. Patients in the control group received 10 mg donepezil hydrochloride tablets and 0.8 g piracetam tablets thrice daily. On the basis of the control group, patients in the combination group does modified Bushen Tongluo decoction once daily. All patients in both two groups received 6 months of treatment. The intelligence changes were evaluated through mini mental state examination (MMSE) and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease rating scale (ADAS-cog). The patients' life self-care ability was assessed by using activity of daily living scale (ADL). The psychopathology changes were estimated via neuropsychological scale (NPI). Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1, 6 (IL-1, IL-6) were detected. The above indicators were tested once before and after treatment. Result: The clinical curative effect in the combination group was superior to that in the control group (P <0.05). After therapy, MMSE scale score in two groups went up as compared before, while the results were more obvious in the combination group (P <0.01). The ADAS-cog, ADL and NPI scale scores declined in two groups, while the results in the combination group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.01). After treatment, serum SOD level in two groups rose, while the result was better in the combination group (P <0.01). The standard of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and MDA in the combination group was inferior to those in the control group (P <0.01). Conclusion: Based on the therapy of donepezil hydrochloride tablets combined piracetam tablets, the modified Bushen Tongluo decoction could reduce symptoms improve cognitive ability and the ability of daily life in patients with mild and moderate AD. The clinical curative effect was superior to using western medicine treatment alone. Its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the inflammatory response and reducing the oxidative stress injury.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the curative efficacy of Bushen Yinao decoction combined levodopa in treating Parkinson's disease (PD), and to investigate its influence on oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Method: Eighty patients with PD were randomly divided into the control group (40 cases) and the observation group (40 cases) by a random number table. Patients in the control group received compound carbidopa tablets and selegiline tablets. Based on the treatment of the control group, patients in the observation group added Bushen Yinao decoction. All patients in both two groups received 6 months of treatment. Before and after treatment, scores of unified PD rating scale (UPDRS), PD quality of life scale (PDQ-39), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), traditional Chinese medical (TCM) syndrome scores were graded. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected. Result: The total clinical curative rate of in the observation group was 87.5%, which was superior to that of 72.5% in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, UPDRS Ⅰ-Ⅳ score in the observation group was less than that in the control group (P <0.01). Levels of PDQ-39SI, TCM syndrome score, SAS and SDS in the observation group were inferior to those in the control group (P <0.05, P <0.01). Standards of IL-1 β,IL-6 and MDA in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, while the SOD level was higher than that in the control group (P <0.01). Conclusion: Bushen Yinao decoction combined levodopa could improve motor and non-motor symptoms, enhance patients' quality of life, reduce the side effects of levodopa in treating PD. Its clinical curative effect is superior to using western medicine treatment alone. The mechanism may be related to reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effect of Kangdu Huazhuo decoction on capsid antigen IgA (VCA-IgA) and early antigen-IgA (EA-IgA) antibodies of patients infected by the EB virus (EBV), and to investigate its influence on inflammatory factor of body immunity. Method: One hundred and eighteen patients with positive EB virus (EBV) antibodies were randomly divided into the control group (37 cases) and the experimental group (81 cases) by a random number table. Patients in the control group received placebo of Kangdu Huazhuo decoction, and patients in the experimental group took Kangdu Huazhuo decoction orally. All patients in both two groups received 12 weeks of treatment. Before and after treatment, levels of VCA-IgA, EA-IgA, T lymphocyte subsets, natural killer cell(NK), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected. Result: After treatment, levels of VCA-IgA and EA-IgA in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.01). Negative rates of VCA-IgA and EA-IgA in the experimental group were 44.15% and 41.33%, respectively, which were higher than those of 19.35% and 16.66% in the control group (P <0.05). Compared with before, levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺and NK increased after treatment, and the results were higher in the experimental group (P <0.01). Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were lower, level of IL-2 was higher in the experimental group than those in the control group after treatment (P <0.01). Conclusion: Kangdu Huazhuo decoction could reduce the levels of VCA-IgA and EA-IgA of patients with positive EBV antibodies, and promote the negative rate of VCA-IgA and EA-IgA. Its mechanism of action may be related to ameliorating cytokines and improving levels of immune function.

Abstract:Objective: To observe the effect of Ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection on nerve function recovery in treating hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage (HICH), and to investigate its influence amount of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), serum complement C3, C4 and high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP). Method: Eighty-four patients with HICI were divided into the control group (42 cases) and the observation group (42 cases) according to the order of admission. Patients in two groups received CT guided minimally invasive surgery. After surgery, they received conventional Western medicine treatment including intracranial pressure lowering, blood pressure control, infection control, nerve nutrition, symptomatic, etc. Patients in the observation group added 20 mL Ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection for intravenous drip twice daily. All patients in both two groups received 14 days of treatment. American nerve function defect of the National Institutes of Health (NIHSS) scores, glasgow coma score (GCS), Fugl-Meyer motor function measure evaluation scores were conducted before and after treatment. Blood plasma NSE, serum C3, C4 and hs-CRP levels were detected. At the seventh and fourteenth day after therapy, NIHSS scores, glasgow coma score (GCS), Fugl-Meyer motor function measure evaluation scores were conducted. The middle line shift situation was evaluated via MRI before and after treatment. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), serum complement C3, C4 and high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6(IL-6) were tested before and after treatment. Result: The total clinical curative rate in the observation group was superior to that in the control group (P <0.05). NIHSS and GCS scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.01). After treatment, Fugl-Meyer score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P <0.01). The improvement of middle line shift situation in the observation group was superior to that in the control group (P <0.01). Levels of NSE, hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.01). Conclusion: Based on conventional treatment of Western medicine, Ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection could improve defect of nerve function in HICH patients after minimally invasive surgery, and promote their awakening. The mechanism may be achieved by reducing brain edema and inflammatory reaction.

Abstract:Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of integration of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and western medicine, and the western medicine therapy for menopause hypertension. Method: The randomized controlled trials were collected via searching the internet. The literatures were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the assignments were performed by two researchers. If there was disagreement between the two researchers, we would ask evidence based medicine expert for advice, to get an optimal result.The database included the ChianInfo(1978—2014), the Superstar database(1955—2014), the CBM(1985—2014), CNKI(1984—2014), VIP(1989—2014), PubMed(1966—2014), EMbase(1984—2014), OVID, Springer Linker(1997—2014)and Science Direct(1998—2014).According to Meta analysis, the RevMan 5.2 software was used to recover and analyze the literatures, and make the assessment of the integration of TCM and western medicine in treating the women with menopause hypertension. Result: In the study, 23 trials were included. The total number of cases is 1969.The Meta analysis results showed that:Compared with western medicine, the integration of TCM and western medicine would lower blood pressure[OR=3.83,95%CI (2.74,5.37), P=0.68], improve the climacteric symptom:[OR=3.41,95%CI(22.14,5.42), P=0.77]. Conclusion: The Integration of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine could improve the menopause hypertension symptom, lower blood pressure. All the curative effects are better than western medicine.

Abstract:Objective: To collate and analyze the Uyghur medicine syndrome classification of vitiligo and its medication discipline. Method: Using retrospective analysis of sorting,clinical medical records of vitiligo treated with Uyghur medicine within recent 10 years in 5 Uyghur medicine hospitals were collected. Uyghur medical symptom classification and treatment principles,methods,prescriptions and medications of vitiligo were collated and analyzed to discover vitiligo's Uyghur medicine syndrome differentiation method and its medication discipline. Result: Among 362 cases of medical records meeting the inclusion criteria of abnormal balgham type vitiligo,there were 173 cases (47.79%) of tamsiz balgham type,followed by 46 cases (12.7%) of Gajsiman Balgham type,43 cases (11.88%) of Chuchumal Balgham type,40 cases (11.05%) of tatlik balgham type,36 cases (9.94%) of Kirtak Balgham type,and 24 cases (6.63%) of Shor Balgham type. Patients were treated with Munzij Therapy or conditioning,Mushil Therapy,oral medication,topical medications and non-drug therapy of Uyghur Medicine. Conclusion: Uyghur medicine syndrome classification and medication discipline of vitiligo received in this project is in line with the actualclinical syndrome and that provides an objective basis forstandardization of vitiligo's Uyghur medicine syndrome differentiation

Abstract:Objective: The study aimed to systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety of Yanhuning combined with interferon for curing the hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD). Method: Using the Cochrane system evaluation method, the retrieval of the Cochrane Library, EMbase, PubMed, CBM, CNKI and Wanfang Data database, a randomized controlled trial of finding out about the Yanhuning and interferon in the treatment of hand foot and mouth disease (RCT), were searched from inception to 2014 September; manual search of relevant conference literature, language and English Chinese limit; 2 reviewers independently screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and literature quality evaluation, Meta-analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.2 software. Result: There were 18 studies (2 080 cases) included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that compared to Yanhuning alone, Yanhuning combined with interferon increased the total treatment efficiency of HFMD [OR=3.72,95%CI(2.26,6.11), P <0.000 01], with shorter cooling time [MD=-0.74,95%CI(-1.05,-0.44), P <0.000 01], simplex regression time[MD=-1.17,95%CI(-1.39,-0.96), P <0.000 01], and healing time[MD=-0.83,95%CI(-0.90,-0.76), P <0.000 01]. Compared to interferon alone, Yanhuning combined with interferon increased the total treatment efficiency of HFMD [OR=3.95,95%CI(2.03,7.69), P <0.000 1], with shorter cooling time[MD=-0.60,95%CI(-0.76,-0.45), P<0.000 01], simplex regression time[MD=-0.98,95%CI(-1.12,-0.84), P <0.000 01], healing time [MD=-0.94,95%CI(-1.23,-0.65), P <0.000 01]. Conclusion: The current study showed that Yanhuning combined with interferon are efficacious in the treatment of HFMD than Yanhuning injection alone or interferon alone.

Abstract:Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of compound Danshen dropping pills in the adjunctive treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Method: Retrieved from the Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2013), Medline, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wangfang database online version, RCT, from January 1990 to July 2014, about compound Danshen dropping pills on the basis of conventional treatment for diabetic nephropathy with conventional treatment as control group were collected. Meta-analysis of included trials was performed using Rev Man 5.2 software. Result: A total of 19 studies were included, involving 1 491 patients. There were good balance between 19 RCTs, the quality evaluation of 7 RCTs scored class B, with the rest for class C. Meta-analysis showed that experimental group and control group had statistically difference in clinical efficacy[OR=6.17,95%CI(3.42,11.13), P <0.05], UAER[MD=-15.95,95%CI(-21.69,-10.20), P< 0.01], and 24-hour urinary protein excretion[MD=-0.06,95%CI(-0.08,-0.03), P< 0.01]. But there was no statistically difference in Creatinine [MD=4.69,95%CI(-0.04,9.42), P=0.05] and Blood glucose [MD=-0.04,95%CI(-0.17,0.08), P >0.05]. Conclusion: The existing evidence show that, to the DN patients, compound Danshen dropping pills has no significant impact on renal function and blood glucose,but it can reduce the Urine protein level. The poor methodological quality of included studies seriously weakened the validity of the meta-analysis. So the efficacy of Compound Danshen dropping pills in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy should be determined by more high quality RCTs.

Abstract:Drug nature of Coptidis Rhizoma was reviewed in the paper which provided a new idea for research on drug nature.It is difficult to find a suitable research subject for discussing nature of Coptidis Rhizomaalthough some subjects were adopted in many researches. Some studies demonstrated that Coptidis Rhizoma, in a way, was a cold-natured medicine. However, it is still a long way to establish a criterion of cold-natured medicine. The emergency of interdiscipline may open a new door for exploring drug nature of Coptidis Rhizoma in the future. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation/demethylation, chromatin remodeling and histone modification, often change along with both inner and outer environment. Coptidis Rhizoma as an outer environmental factor may reversely regulate epigenetic modifications which are caused by diseases. Therefore, epigenetics may provide a new field in researches of drug nature ofCoptidis Rhizoma in the future.

Abstract:Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes and the most common cause of chronic kidney failure requiring dialysis. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to chronic metabolic and hemodynamic changes that modulate the intracellular signaling pathways, transcription factors, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, promoting structural abnormalities in the kidney and the development and progression of DN. In recent years, the literatures on Chinese medicine compound in prevention and treatment of experimental diabetic nephropathy gradually increased, and Chinese medicine compound show certain advantage in combating DN. To summarize the major research progress on Chinese medicine compound in controlling DN in recent years, from six aspects of the pathogenesis of DN, we analyzed and classified the latest research achievements of Chinese medicine compound in experimental DN and probed into the mechanism of these compounds, including regulating abnormal glucose metabolism, oxidative stress and renal vascular hemodynamics and so on in rats. We hope to provide some references for clinical research and develope innovative drug for prevention and treatment of DN. Overview of the research literatures on Chinese medicine compound suggested that Chinese medicine compound could reduce glycaemic index, inhibit oxidative stress in vivo, adjust the renal vascular hemodynamics, and improve kidney function in DN indicators like reducing urinary albumin, urea nitrogen and creatinine and so on. Based on the research literatures, Chinese medicine compound has obvious effect in the aspect of prevention and treatment of experimental DN, and there is some regularity in composition of these prescriptions. The further mechanism needs more in-depth studies.

Abstract:The aim of this article was to review the research progress on Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in treating kidney disease. Licorice is a widely used Chinese herbal, the active ingredients have various pharmacological effects. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is a Chinese herb, which is most widely used in every prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, and is known as the king of public medicine. The value of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma has been recognized by doctors. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma goes to heart, lung, spleen, stomach, and has the effects of heat-clearing detoxifying, Buzhong Yiqi, relaxing spasm and relieving pain, antitussive and expectorant activity, reconciling various drugs. Its flavour is Ganping, Various protective and therapeutic effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, detoxification, anticancer, antihistaminic, and antibacterial effects have been depicted for Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. And as for the deterioration of kidney associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, toxins stimulation, drug toxicity and so on, licorice with those effects can be used in the treatment of renal diseases. The efficacy of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is diverse, and there is a big advantage for the prevention and treatment of renal damage, and doctors should pay more attention to the prescription in the treatment of kidney disease. However, as Chinese traditional medicine, licorice has adverse reactions and contraindications, clinical use should be carried out in accordance with the ideas and methods of traditional Chinese medicine prescription.

Abstract:At present, the research on anti-tumor activity of the total saponins of Aralia eleta has made certain progress, which mainly related to transplantation tumor model of human lung adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, mouse ascites tumor in vitro and cell studies on human hepatocellular carcinoma, human colon cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer and human erythroleukemia in vivo. In order to understand the research status of total saponin of Aralia eleta in anti-tumor activity, and investigate the anti-tumor effect, we compared our research to the previous research on cell concentration, the dose and the usage time of total saponins in tumor model in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we discovered that the total saponins were effective at a dosage of 50 mg·kg^-1 in vitro, and the different dose interval and duration have different effect. However, the different dose has different effect in vivo too. These researches provide the experimental basis for clinic application and pharmacological action for total saponins of Aralia eleta.